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Part 2 / PHYSICAL HAZARDS

PART 2: PHYSICAL HAZARDS

2.1.   Explosives

Explosives

2.1.1.   Definitions

Definitions

2.1.1.1. The class of explosives comprises

2.1.1.1. The class of explosives comprises  

(a) 

explosive substances and mixtures;

(a) 
(a) 

explosive substances and mixtures;

explosive substances and mixtures;

(b) 

explosive articles, except devices containing explosive substances or mixtures in such quantity or of such a character that their inadvertent or accidental ignition or initiation shall not cause any effect external to the device either by projection, fire, smoke, heat or loud noise; and

(b) 
(b) 

explosive articles, except devices containing explosive substances or mixtures in such quantity or of such a character that their inadvertent or accidental ignition or initiation shall not cause any effect external to the device either by projection, fire, smoke, heat or loud noise; and

explosive articles, except devices containing explosive substances or mixtures in such quantity or of such a character that their inadvertent or accidental ignition or initiation shall not cause any effect external to the device either by projection, fire, smoke, heat or loud noise; and

▼M19 ▼M19

(c) 

substances, mixtures and articles not mentioned in points (a) and (b) above, which are manufactured with the view to producing a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect.

(c) 
(c) 

substances, mixtures and articles not mentioned in points (a) and (b) above, which are manufactured with the view to producing a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect.

substances, mixtures and articles not mentioned in points (a) and (b) above, which are manufactured with the view to producing a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect.

▼B ▼B

2.1.1.2. For the purposes of this Regulation the following definitions shall apply:

2.1.1.2. For the purposes of this Regulation the following definitions shall apply:  

An explosive substance or mixture is a solid or liquid substance or mixture of substances which is in itself capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage to the surroundings. Pyrotechnic substances are included even when they do not evolve gases.

A pyrotechnic substance or mixture is a substance or mixture of substances designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or a combination of these as the result of non-detonative self-sustaining exothermic chemical reactions.

An unstable explosive is an explosive substance or mixture which is thermally unstable and/or too sensitive for normal handling, transport and use.

An explosive article is an article containing one or more explosive substances or mixtures.

A pyrotechnic article is an article containing one or more pyrotechnic substances or mixtures.

An intentional explosive is a substance, mixture or article which is manufactured with a view to producing a practical, explosive or pyrotechnic effect.

2.1.2.   Classification criteria

Classification criteria

2.1.2.1. Substances, mixtures and articles of this class are classified as an unstable explosive on the basis of the flowchart in Figure 2.1.2. ►M4  The test methods are described in Part I of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria. ◄

2.1.2.1. Substances, mixtures and articles of this class are classified as an unstable explosive on the basis of the flowchart in Figure 2.1.2. ►M4  The test methods are described in Part I of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria. ◄   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

2.1.2.2. Substances, mixtures and articles of this class, which are not classified as an unstable explosive, shall be assigned to one of the following six divisions depending on the type of hazard they present:

2.1.2.2. Substances, mixtures and articles of this class, which are not classified as an unstable explosive, shall be assigned to one of the following six divisions depending on the type of hazard they present:  

(a) 

Division 1.1 Substances, mixtures and articles which have a mass explosion hazard (a mass explosion is one which affects almost the entire quantity present virtually instantaneously);

(a) 
(a) 

Division 1.1 Substances, mixtures and articles which have a mass explosion hazard (a mass explosion is one which affects almost the entire quantity present virtually instantaneously);

Division 1.1 Substances, mixtures and articles which have a mass explosion hazard (a mass explosion is one which affects almost the entire quantity present virtually instantaneously);

(b) 

Division 1.2 Substances, mixtures and articles which have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard;

(b) 
(b) 

Division 1.2 Substances, mixtures and articles which have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard;

Division 1.2 Substances, mixtures and articles which have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard;

(c) 

Division 1.3 Substances, mixtures and articles which have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard:

(i) 

combustion of which gives rise to considerable radiant heat; or

(ii) 

which burn one after another, producing minor blast or projection effects or both;

(c) 
(c) 

Division 1.3 Substances, mixtures and articles which have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard:

(i) 

combustion of which gives rise to considerable radiant heat; or

(ii) 

which burn one after another, producing minor blast or projection effects or both;

Division 1.3 Substances, mixtures and articles which have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard:

(i) 

combustion of which gives rise to considerable radiant heat; or

(i) 
(i) 

combustion of which gives rise to considerable radiant heat; or

combustion of which gives rise to considerable radiant heat; or

(ii) 

which burn one after another, producing minor blast or projection effects or both;

(ii) 
(ii) 

which burn one after another, producing minor blast or projection effects or both;

which burn one after another, producing minor blast or projection effects or both;

(d) 

Division 1.4 Substances, mixtures and articles which present no significant hazard:

— 
substances, mixtures and articles which present only a small hazard in the event of ignition or initiation. The effects are largely confined to the package and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected. An external fire shall not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package;
(d) 
(d) 

Division 1.4 Substances, mixtures and articles which present no significant hazard:

— 
substances, mixtures and articles which present only a small hazard in the event of ignition or initiation. The effects are largely confined to the package and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected. An external fire shall not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package;

Division 1.4 Substances, mixtures and articles which present no significant hazard:

— 
substances, mixtures and articles which present only a small hazard in the event of ignition or initiation. The effects are largely confined to the package and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected. An external fire shall not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package;
— 
— 
substances, mixtures and articles which present only a small hazard in the event of ignition or initiation. The effects are largely confined to the package and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected. An external fire shall not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package;
substances, mixtures and articles which present only a small hazard in the event of ignition or initiation. The effects are largely confined to the package and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected. An external fire shall not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package;
(e) 

Division 1.5 Very insensitive substances or mixtures which have a mass explosion hazard:

— 
substances and mixtures which have a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions;
(e) 
(e) 

Division 1.5 Very insensitive substances or mixtures which have a mass explosion hazard:

— 
substances and mixtures which have a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions;

Division 1.5 Very insensitive substances or mixtures which have a mass explosion hazard:

— 
substances and mixtures which have a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions;
— 
— 
substances and mixtures which have a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions;
substances and mixtures which have a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions;

▼M19 ▼M19

(f) 

Division 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard:

— 
articles which predominantly contain extremely insensitive substances or mixtures;
— 
and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation.
(f) 
(f) 

Division 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard:

— 
articles which predominantly contain extremely insensitive substances or mixtures;
— 
and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation.

Division 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard:

— 
articles which predominantly contain extremely insensitive substances or mixtures;
— 
— 
articles which predominantly contain extremely insensitive substances or mixtures;
articles which predominantly contain extremely insensitive substances or mixtures;
— 
and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation.
— 
— 
and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation.
and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation.

▼B ▼B

2.1.2.3. Explosives, which are not classified as an unstable explosive, shall be classified in one of the six divisions referred to in paragraph 2.1.2.2 of this Annex based on Test Series 2 to 8 in Part I of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria according to the results of the tests laid down in Table 2.1.1:

2.1.2.3. Explosives, which are not classified as an unstable explosive, shall be classified in one of the six divisions referred to in paragraph 2.1.2.2 of this Annex based on Test Series 2 to 8 in Part I of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria according to the results of the tests laid down in Table 2.1.1:   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

Table 2.1.1

Criteria for explosives

Category

Criteria

Unstable explosives or explosives of Divisions 1.1 to 1.6

For explosives of Divisions 1.1 to 1.6, the following are the core set of tests that need to be performed:

Explosibility: according to UN Test Series 2 (section 12 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria). Intentional explosives () shall not be subject to UN Test Series 2.

Sensitiveness: according to UN Test Series 3 (section 13 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria).

Thermal stability: according to UN Test 3(c) (sub-section 13.6.1 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria).

Further tests are necessary to allocate the correct Division.

(1)   

This comprises substances, mixtures and articles which are manufactured with a view to producing a practical, explosive or pyrotechnic effect.

Table 2.1.1

Criteria for explosives

Category

Criteria

Unstable explosives or explosives of Divisions 1.1 to 1.6

For explosives of Divisions 1.1 to 1.6, the following are the core set of tests that need to be performed:

Explosibility: according to UN Test Series 2 (section 12 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria). Intentional explosives () shall not be subject to UN Test Series 2.

Sensitiveness: according to UN Test Series 3 (section 13 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria).

Thermal stability: according to UN Test 3(c) (sub-section 13.6.1 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria).

Further tests are necessary to allocate the correct Division.

(1)   

This comprises substances, mixtures and articles which are manufactured with a view to producing a practical, explosive or pyrotechnic effect.

Category

Criteria

Unstable explosives or explosives of Divisions 1.1 to 1.6

For explosives of Divisions 1.1 to 1.6, the following are the core set of tests that need to be performed:

Explosibility: according to UN Test Series 2 (section 12 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria). Intentional explosives () shall not be subject to UN Test Series 2.

Sensitiveness: according to UN Test Series 3 (section 13 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria).

Thermal stability: according to UN Test 3(c) (sub-section 13.6.1 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria).

Further tests are necessary to allocate the correct Division.

(1)   

This comprises substances, mixtures and articles which are manufactured with a view to producing a practical, explosive or pyrotechnic effect.

Category

Criteria

Category

Category

Criteria

Criteria

Unstable explosives or explosives of Divisions 1.1 to 1.6

For explosives of Divisions 1.1 to 1.6, the following are the core set of tests that need to be performed:

Unstable explosives or explosives of Divisions 1.1 to 1.6

Unstable explosives or explosives of Divisions 1.1 to 1.6

For explosives of Divisions 1.1 to 1.6, the following are the core set of tests that need to be performed:

For explosives of Divisions 1.1 to 1.6, the following are the core set of tests that need to be performed:

Explosibility: according to UN Test Series 2 (section 12 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria). Intentional explosives () shall not be subject to UN Test Series 2.

Explosibility: according to UN Test Series 2 (section 12 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria). Intentional explosives () shall not be subject to UN Test Series 2.

Explosibility: according to UN Test Series 2 (section 12 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria). Intentional explosives () shall not be subject to UN Test Series 2. ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄ ()

Sensitiveness: according to UN Test Series 3 (section 13 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria).

Sensitiveness: according to UN Test Series 3 (section 13 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria).

Sensitiveness: according to UN Test Series 3 (section 13 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria). ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

Thermal stability: according to UN Test 3(c) (sub-section 13.6.1 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria).

Further tests are necessary to allocate the correct Division.

Thermal stability: according to UN Test 3(c) (sub-section 13.6.1 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria).

Further tests are necessary to allocate the correct Division.

Thermal stability: according to UN Test 3(c) (sub-section 13.6.1 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria). ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

Further tests are necessary to allocate the correct Division.

(1)   

This comprises substances, mixtures and articles which are manufactured with a view to producing a practical, explosive or pyrotechnic effect.

(1)   

This comprises substances, mixtures and articles which are manufactured with a view to producing a practical, explosive or pyrotechnic effect.

(1)   

This comprises substances, mixtures and articles which are manufactured with a view to producing a practical, explosive or pyrotechnic effect.

(1)    1

This comprises substances, mixtures and articles which are manufactured with a view to producing a practical, explosive or pyrotechnic effect.

2.1.2.4. If explosives are unpackaged or repacked in packaging other than the original or similar packaging, they shall be retested.

2.1.2.4. If explosives are unpackaged or repacked in packaging other than the original or similar packaging, they shall be retested.  

▼M12 ▼M12

2.1.3.   Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances, mixtures or articles meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.1.2.

Table 2.1.2

Label elements for explosives

Classification

Unstable Explosive

Division 1.1

Division 1.2

Division 1.3

Division 1.4

Division 1.5

Division 1.6

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

image

 

 

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Danger

No signal word

Hazard Statement

H200: Unstable Explosive

H201: Explosive; mass explosion hazard

H202: Explosive; severe projection hazard

H203: Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard

H204: Fire or projection hazard

H205: May mass explode in fire

No hazard statement

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P201

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Storage

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

No precautionary statement

Table 2.1.2 Table 2.1.2

Label elements for explosives Label elements for explosives

Classification

Unstable Explosive

Division 1.1

Division 1.2

Division 1.3

Division 1.4

Division 1.5

Division 1.6

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

image

 

 

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Danger

No signal word

Hazard Statement

H200: Unstable Explosive

H201: Explosive; mass explosion hazard

H202: Explosive; severe projection hazard

H203: Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard

H204: Fire or projection hazard

H205: May mass explode in fire

No hazard statement

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P201

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Storage

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

No precautionary statement

Classification

Unstable Explosive

Division 1.1

Division 1.2

Division 1.3

Division 1.4

Division 1.5

Division 1.6

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

image

 

 

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Danger

No signal word

Hazard Statement

H200: Unstable Explosive

H201: Explosive; mass explosion hazard

H202: Explosive; severe projection hazard

H203: Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard

H204: Fire or projection hazard

H205: May mass explode in fire

No hazard statement

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P201

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Storage

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

No precautionary statement

Classification

Unstable Explosive

Division 1.1

Division 1.2

Division 1.3

Division 1.4

Division 1.5

Division 1.6

Classification

Classification

Unstable Explosive

Unstable Explosive

Division 1.1

Division 1.1

Division 1.2

Division 1.2

Division 1.3

Division 1.3

Division 1.4

Division 1.4

Division 1.5

Division 1.5

Division 1.6

Division 1.6

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

image

 

 

GHS Pictograms

GHS Pictograms

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

 

 

 

 

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Danger

No signal word

Signal Word

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Danger

Danger

No signal word

No signal word

Hazard Statement

H200: Unstable Explosive

H201: Explosive; mass explosion hazard

H202: Explosive; severe projection hazard

H203: Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard

H204: Fire or projection hazard

H205: May mass explode in fire

No hazard statement

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H200: Unstable Explosive

H200: Unstable Explosive

H201: Explosive; mass explosion hazard

H201: Explosive; mass explosion hazard

H202: Explosive; severe projection hazard

H202: Explosive; severe projection hazard

H203: Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard

H203: Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard

H204: Fire or projection hazard

H204: Fire or projection hazard

H205: May mass explode in fire

H205: May mass explode in fire

No hazard statement

No hazard statement

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P201

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Prevention

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P201

P250

P280

P201

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

P210

P230

P234

P240

P250

P280

No precautionary statement

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Response

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

No precautionary statement

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Storage

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Storage

Precautionary Statement Storage

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

No precautionary statement

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

No precautionary statement

Precautionary Statement Disposal

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

No precautionary statement

No precautionary statement

NOTE 1: Unpackaged explosives or explosives repackaged in packaging other than the original or similar packaging shall include all of the following label elements: NOTE 1:

(a) 

the pictogram: exploding bomb;

(a) 
(a) 

the pictogram: exploding bomb;

the pictogram: exploding bomb;

(b) 

the signal word ‘Danger’; and

(b) 
(b) 

the signal word ‘Danger’; and

the signal word ‘Danger’; and

(c) 

the hazard statement: ‘Explosive; mass explosion hazard’

(c) 
(c) 

the hazard statement: ‘Explosive; mass explosion hazard’

the hazard statement: ‘Explosive; mass explosion hazard’

unless the hazard is shown to correspond to one of the hazard categories in Table 2.1.2, in which case the corresponding symbol, the signal word and/or the hazard statement shall be assigned.

NOTE 2: Substances and mixtures, as supplied, with a positive result in Test Series 2 in Part I, Section 12, of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, which are exempted from classification as explosives (based on a negative result in Test Series 6 in Part I, Section 16 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria) still have explosive properties. The user shall be informed of these intrinsic explosive properties because they have to be considered for handling — especially if the substance or mixture is removed from its packaging or is repackaged — and for storage. For this reason, the explosive properties of the substance or mixture shall be communicated in Section 2 (Hazards identification) and Section 9 (Physical and chemical properties) of the Safety Data Sheet and other sections of the Safety Data Sheet, as appropriate. NOTE 2:

▼B ▼B

2.1.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations

2.1.4.1. The classification of substances, mixtures and articles in the explosives hazard class and further allocation to a division is a very complex, three step procedure. Reference to Part I of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria is necessary.

2.1.4.1. The classification of substances, mixtures and articles in the explosives hazard class and further allocation to a division is a very complex, three step procedure. Reference to Part I of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria is necessary.   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

The first step is to ascertain whether the substance or mixture has explosive effects (Test Series 1). The second step is the acceptance procedure (Test Series 2 to 4) and the third step is the assignment to a hazard division (Test Series 5 to 7). The assessment whether a candidate for ‘ammonium nitrate emulsion or suspension or gel, intermediate for blasting explosives (ANE)’ is insensitive enough for inclusion as an oxidising liquid (section 2.13) or an oxidising solid (section 2.14) is answered by Test Series 8 tests.

▼M19 ▼M19

Some explosive substances and mixtures are wetted with water or alcohols, diluted with other substances or dissolved or suspended in water or other liquid substances to suppress or reduce their explosives properties. They may be a candidate for classification as desensitised explosives (see Section 2.17).

▼B ▼B

Certain physical hazards (due to explosive properties) are altered by dilution, as is the case for desensitised explosives, by inclusion in a mixture or article, packaging or other factors.

The classification procedure is set out in the following decision logic (see Figures 2.1.1 to 2.1.4).

Figure 2.1.1

Overall scheme of the procedure for classifying a substance, mixture or article in the class of explosives (Class 1 for transport) image

Text of image Text of image

SUBSTANCE, MIXTURE OR ARTICLE FOR CLASSIFICATION

ACCEPTANCE PROCEDURE

CLASSIFY as an UNSTABLE EXPLOSIVE

REJECT Not an EXPLOSIVE

CLASSIFY AS AN EXPLOSIVE

HAZARDOUS DIVISION ASSIGNMENT

COMPATIBILITY GROUP ASSIGNMENT

DIVISION 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, OR 1.6 COMPATIBILITY GROUP A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, N or S (*)

CLASSIFICATION CODE (*)

(*) see UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations, 15th rev. ed, sub-section 2.1.2.

►(1) M2   ►(1) M2 ►(1) M2 ►(1) M2 1

►(2) M4   ►(2) M4 ►(2) M4 ►(2) M4 2

Figure 2.1.2

Procedure for provisional acceptance of a substance, mixture or article in the class of explosives (Class 1 for transport) image

Text of image Text of image

SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE FOR CLASSIFICATION

ARTICLE FOR CLASSIFICATION

Is the substance/ mixture manufactured with a view to producing a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect

Yes

Substance/mixture to be considered for this Class

No

TEST SERIES 3

Is the substance/ mixture a candidate for ammonium nitrate emulsion suspension or gel, intermediate for blasting explosive ANE?

Is the substance/mixture thermally stable?

Yes

No

No

Yes

TEST SERIES 8 Go to figure 2.1.4

TEST SERIES 1 (*)

Is the substance/mixture too dangerous in the form in which it was tested?

No

Yes

No

Is it an explosive substance/mixture?

Encapsulate and/or package the substance/mixture

Yes

TEST SERIES 2

TEST SERIES 4

Yes

Is the substance/mixture too insensitive for acceptance into this Class?

No

Is the article, packed article or packaged substance/mixture too dangerous?

No

Yes

NOT AN EXPLOSIVE

CLASSIFY as an Unstable Explosive

PROVISIONALLY ACCEPT INTO THIS CLASS (go to figure 2.1.3)

(*) For classification purposes, start with Test Series 2.

▼M19 ▼M19

Figure 2.1.3 Figure 2.1.3

Procedure for assignment to a division in the class of explosives (Class 1 for transport) Procedure for assignment to a division in the class of explosives (Class 1 for transport) image

Text of image Text of image

DIVISION 1.1

DIVISION 1.2

DIVISION 1.3

DIVISION 1.5

DIVISION 1.6

NOT AN EXPLOSIVE

Is the major hazard that from dangerous projections?

Is the result a mass explosion?

Is the substance/mixture a candidate for Divison 1.5?

Would the hazard hinder firefighting in the immediate vicinity?

Is the major hazard radiant heat and/or violent burning but with no dangerous blast or projection hazard?

Is it an extremely insensitive article?

Is the article a candidate for Division 1.6?

Is it a very insensitive explosive substance/mixture with a mass explosion hazard?

Is the substance/mixture or article manufactured with the view of producing a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect?

Are there hazardous effects outside the package?

Is the product article excluded by definition? (se 2.1.1.1 (b))

Package the substance/mixture

Does special provision 347 apply? (1)

DIVISION 1.4

Compatibility groups other than S

DIVISION 1.4

Compatibility group S

TEST SERIES 5

TEST SERIES 6

ARTICLE OR SUBSTANCE/MIXTURES PROVISIONALLY ACCEPTED IN THIS CLASS (from figure 2.1.2)

TEST SERIES 7

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

(1)  See Chapter 3.3 of the UN RTDG, Model Regulations for details.

(1)  See Chapter 3.3 of the UN RTDG, Model Regulations for details. 1   See Chapter 3.3 of the UN RTDG, Model Regulations for details

▼M2 ▼M2

Figure 2.1.4

Procedure for the classification of ammonium nitrate emulsion, suspension or gel (ANE) image

Text of image Text of image

TEST SERIES 8

TEST 8 (a) Thermal stability test. Is the substance/mixture thermally stable?

No

Classify as unstable explosive

Yes

TEST 8 (b) ANE Large scale gap test Is the substance/mixture too sensitive to shock to be accepted as an oxidising liquid or an oxidising solid?

Yes

Substance/mixture to be considered for classification as an explosive other than as an unstable explosive; If the answer to the question ‘is it a very insensitive explosive substance/mixture with a mass explosion hazard?’ in figure 2.1.3 is ‘no’, the substance/mixture shall be classified in Division 1.1

No

TEST 8 (c) Koenen test Is the substance/mixture too sensitive to the effect of intensive heat under confinement?

Yes

Substance/mixture to be considered for classification as an explosive of Division 1.5, proceed with Test Series 5. If the answer to the question ‘is it a very insensitive explosive substance/mixture with a mass explosion hazard?’ in figure 2.1.3 is ‘yes’, the substance/mixture shall be classified in Division 1.5; if the answer is ‘no’ the substance/mixture shall be classified in Division 1.1

No

ANE substance/mixture shall be classified as a Category 2 oxidising liquid or a Category 2 oxidising solid (sections 2.13 and 2.14)

▼B ▼B

2.1.4.2.   Screening procedure Screening procedure

Explosive properties are associated with the presence of certain chemical groups in a molecule which can react to produce very rapid increases in temperature or pressure. The screening procedure is aimed at identifying the presence of such reactive groups and the potential for rapid energy release. If the screening procedure identifies the substance or mixture to be a potential explosive, the acceptance procedure (see section 10.3 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria) has to be performed. ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

▼M2 ▼M2

Note:

Neither a series 1 type (a) propagation of detonation test nor a series 2 type (a) test of sensitivity to detonative shock is required if the exothermic decomposition energy of organic materials is less than 800 J/g. For organic substances and mixtures of organic substances with a decomposition energy of 800 J/g or more, tests 1 (a) and 2 (a) need not be performed if the outcome of the ballistic mortar Mk.IIId test (F.1), or the ballistic mortar test (F.2) or the BAM Trauzl test (F.3) with initiation by a standard No 8 detonator (see Appendix 1 to the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria) is ‘no’. In this case, the results of test 1 (a) and 2 (a) are deemed to be ‘-’.

▼M19 ▼M19

2.1.4.3. The acceptance procedure for the hazard class ‘explosives’ need not be applied if:

2.1.4.3. The acceptance procedure for the hazard class ‘explosives’ need not be applied if:  

▼B ▼B

(a) 

There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. Examples of groups which may indicate explosive properties are given in Table A6.1 in Appendix 6 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria; or

(a) 
(a) 

There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. Examples of groups which may indicate explosive properties are given in Table A6.1 in Appendix 6 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria; or

There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. Examples of groups which may indicate explosive properties are given in Table A6.1 in Appendix 6 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria; or ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

(b) 

The substance contains chemical groups associated with explosive properties which include oxygen and the calculated oxygen balance is less than - 200;

The oxygen balance is calculated for the chemical reaction:

CxHyOz+ [x+ (y/4)-(z/2)] O2 → x CO2 + (y/2) H2O

Using the formula:

Oxygen balance = -1 600 [2x + (y/2)-z]/molecular weight;

(b) 
(b) 

The substance contains chemical groups associated with explosive properties which include oxygen and the calculated oxygen balance is less than - 200;

The oxygen balance is calculated for the chemical reaction:

CxHyOz+ [x+ (y/4)-(z/2)] O2 → x CO2 + (y/2) H2O

Using the formula:

Oxygen balance = -1 600 [2x + (y/2)-z]/molecular weight;

The substance contains chemical groups associated with explosive properties which include oxygen and the calculated oxygen balance is less than - 200;

The oxygen balance is calculated for the chemical reaction:

CxHyOz+ [x+ (y/4)-(z/2)] O2 → x CO2 + (y/2) H2O x y z 2 2 2

Using the formula:

Oxygen balance = -1 600 [2x + (y/2)-z]/molecular weight;

▼M19 ▼M19

(c) 

For an organic substance, or a homogenous mixture of organic substances, containing a chemical group (or groups) associated with explosive properties:

— 
the exothermic decomposition energy is less than 500 J/g, or
— 
the onset of exothermic decomposition is 500 °C or above

as indicated in Table 2.1.3.

▼M19

Table 2.1.3

Decision to apply the acceptance procedure for the hazard class ‘Explosives’ for an organic substance or a homogenous mixture of organic substances

Decomposition energy

(J/g)

Decomposition onset temperature

(°C)

Apply acceptance procedure?

(Yes/No)

< 500

< 500

No

< 500

≥ 500

No

≥ 500

< 500

Yes

≥ 500

≥ 500

No

The exothermic decomposition energy may be determined using a suitable calorimetric technique (see section 20.3.3.3 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria).

(c) 
(c) 

For an organic substance, or a homogenous mixture of organic substances, containing a chemical group (or groups) associated with explosive properties:

— 
the exothermic decomposition energy is less than 500 J/g, or
— 
the onset of exothermic decomposition is 500 °C or above

as indicated in Table 2.1.3.

▼M19

Table 2.1.3

Decision to apply the acceptance procedure for the hazard class ‘Explosives’ for an organic substance or a homogenous mixture of organic substances

Decomposition energy

(J/g)

Decomposition onset temperature

(°C)

Apply acceptance procedure?

(Yes/No)

< 500

< 500

No

< 500

≥ 500

No

≥ 500

< 500

Yes

≥ 500

≥ 500

No

The exothermic decomposition energy may be determined using a suitable calorimetric technique (see section 20.3.3.3 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria).

For an organic substance, or a homogenous mixture of organic substances, containing a chemical group (or groups) associated with explosive properties:

— 
the exothermic decomposition energy is less than 500 J/g, or
— 
— 
the exothermic decomposition energy is less than 500 J/g, or
the exothermic decomposition energy is less than 500 J/g, or
— 
the onset of exothermic decomposition is 500 °C or above
— 
— 
the onset of exothermic decomposition is 500 °C or above
the onset of exothermic decomposition is 500 °C or above

as indicated in Table 2.1.3.

▼M19 ▼M19

Table 2.1.3

Decision to apply the acceptance procedure for the hazard class ‘Explosives’ for an organic substance or a homogenous mixture of organic substances

Decomposition energy

(J/g)

Decomposition onset temperature

(°C)

Apply acceptance procedure?

(Yes/No)

< 500

< 500

No

< 500

≥ 500

No

≥ 500

< 500

Yes

≥ 500

≥ 500

No

Table 2.1.3 Table 2.1.3

Decision to apply the acceptance procedure for the hazard class ‘Explosives’ for an organic substance or a homogenous mixture of organic substances Decision to apply the acceptance procedure for the hazard class ‘Explosives’ for an organic substance or a homogenous mixture of organic substances

Decomposition energy

(J/g)

Decomposition onset temperature

(°C)

Apply acceptance procedure?

(Yes/No)

< 500

< 500

No

< 500

≥ 500

No

≥ 500

< 500

Yes

≥ 500

≥ 500

No

Decomposition energy

(J/g)

Decomposition onset temperature

(°C)

Apply acceptance procedure?

(Yes/No)

< 500

< 500

No

< 500

≥ 500

No

≥ 500

< 500

Yes

≥ 500

≥ 500

No

Decomposition energy

(J/g)

Decomposition onset temperature

(°C)

Apply acceptance procedure?

(Yes/No)

Decomposition energy

(J/g)

Decomposition energy

(J/g)

Decomposition onset temperature

(°C)

Decomposition onset temperature

(°C)

Apply acceptance procedure?

(Yes/No)

Apply acceptance procedure?

(Yes/No)

< 500

< 500

No

< 500

< 500

< 500

< 500

No

No

< 500

≥ 500

No

< 500

< 500

≥ 500

≥ 500

No

No

≥ 500

< 500

Yes

≥ 500

≥ 500

< 500

< 500

Yes

Yes

≥ 500

≥ 500

No

≥ 500

≥ 500

≥ 500

≥ 500

No

No

The exothermic decomposition energy may be determined using a suitable calorimetric technique (see section 20.3.3.3 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria). UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria

▼B ▼B

(d) 

For mixtures of inorganic oxidising substances with organic material(s), the concentration of the inorganic oxidising substance is:

— 
less than 15 % by mass, if the oxidising substance is assigned to Categories 1 or 2;
— 
less than 30 % by mass, if the oxidising substance is assigned to Category 3.
(d) 
(d) 

For mixtures of inorganic oxidising substances with organic material(s), the concentration of the inorganic oxidising substance is:

— 
less than 15 % by mass, if the oxidising substance is assigned to Categories 1 or 2;
— 
less than 30 % by mass, if the oxidising substance is assigned to Category 3.

For mixtures of inorganic oxidising substances with organic material(s), the concentration of the inorganic oxidising substance is:

— 
less than 15 % by mass, if the oxidising substance is assigned to Categories 1 or 2;
— 
— 
less than 15 % by mass, if the oxidising substance is assigned to Categories 1 or 2;
less than 15 % by mass, if the oxidising substance is assigned to Categories 1 or 2;
— 
less than 30 % by mass, if the oxidising substance is assigned to Category 3.
— 
— 
less than 30 % by mass, if the oxidising substance is assigned to Category 3.
less than 30 % by mass, if the oxidising substance is assigned to Category 3.

2.1.4.4. In the case of mixtures containing any known explosives, the acceptance procedure has to be performed.

2.1.4.4. In the case of mixtures containing any known explosives, the acceptance procedure has to be performed.  

▼M19 ▼M19

2.2.   Flammable gases

Flammable gases

2.2.1.    Definitions

Definitions Definitions
2.2.1.1. 

Flammable gas means a gas or gas mixture having a flammable range with air at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa.

2.2.1.1. 
2.2.1.1. 

Flammable gas means a gas or gas mixture having a flammable range with air at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa.

Flammable gas means a gas or gas mixture having a flammable range with air at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa.

2.2.1.2. 

A pyrophoric gas means a flammable gas that is liable to ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 54 °C or below.

2.2.1.2. 
2.2.1.2. 

A pyrophoric gas means a flammable gas that is liable to ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 54 °C or below.

A pyrophoric gas means a flammable gas that is liable to ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 54 °C or below.

2.2.1.3. 

A chemically unstable gas means a flammable gas that is able to react explosively even in the absence of air or oxygen.

2.2.1.3. 
2.2.1.3. 

A chemically unstable gas means a flammable gas that is able to react explosively even in the absence of air or oxygen.

A chemically unstable gas means a flammable gas that is able to react explosively even in the absence of air or oxygen.

▼M4 ▼M4

2.2.2.    Classification criteria

Classification criteria Classification criteria Classification criteria

▼M19 ▼M19

2.2.2.1. A flammable gas is classified in Category 1A, 1B or 2 in accordance with Table 2.2.1. Flammable gases that are pyrophoric and/or chemically unstable are always classified in Category 1A.

2.2.2.1. A flammable gas is classified in Category 1A, 1B or 2 in accordance with Table 2.2.1. Flammable gases that are pyrophoric and/or chemically unstable are always classified in Category 1A.  

Table 2.2.1

Criteria for categorisation of flammable gases

Category

Criteria

1A

Flammable gas

Gases, which at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa are:

(a)  ignitable when in a mixture of 13 % or less by volume in air; or

(b)  have a flammable range with air of at least 12 percentage points regardless of the lower flammability limit

unless data show they meet the criteria for Category 1B

Pyrophoric gas

Flammable gases that ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 54 °C or below

Chemically unstable gas

A

Flammable gases which are chemically unstable at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa

B

Flammable gases which are chemically unstable at a temperature greater than 20 °C and/or a pressure greater than 101,3 kPa

1B

Flammable gas

Gases which meet the flammability criteria for Category 1A, but which are not pyrophoric, nor chemically unstable, and which have at least either:

(a)  a lower flammability limit of more than 6 % by volume in air; or

(b)  a fundamental burning velocity of less than 10 cm/s;

2

Flammable gas

Gases, other than those of Category 1A or 1B, which, at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa, have a flammable range while mixed in air.

Table 2.2.1 Table 2.2.1

Criteria for categorisation of flammable gases Criteria for categorisation of flammable gases

Category

Criteria

1A

Flammable gas

Gases, which at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa are:

(a)  ignitable when in a mixture of 13 % or less by volume in air; or

(b)  have a flammable range with air of at least 12 percentage points regardless of the lower flammability limit

unless data show they meet the criteria for Category 1B

Pyrophoric gas

Flammable gases that ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 54 °C or below

Chemically unstable gas

A

Flammable gases which are chemically unstable at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa

B

Flammable gases which are chemically unstable at a temperature greater than 20 °C and/or a pressure greater than 101,3 kPa

1B

Flammable gas

Gases which meet the flammability criteria for Category 1A, but which are not pyrophoric, nor chemically unstable, and which have at least either:

(a)  a lower flammability limit of more than 6 % by volume in air; or

(b)  a fundamental burning velocity of less than 10 cm/s;

2

Flammable gas

Gases, other than those of Category 1A or 1B, which, at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa, have a flammable range while mixed in air.

Category

Criteria

1A

Flammable gas

Gases, which at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa are:

(a)  ignitable when in a mixture of 13 % or less by volume in air; or

(b)  have a flammable range with air of at least 12 percentage points regardless of the lower flammability limit

unless data show they meet the criteria for Category 1B

Pyrophoric gas

Flammable gases that ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 54 °C or below

Chemically unstable gas

A

Flammable gases which are chemically unstable at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa

B

Flammable gases which are chemically unstable at a temperature greater than 20 °C and/or a pressure greater than 101,3 kPa

1B

Flammable gas

Gases which meet the flammability criteria for Category 1A, but which are not pyrophoric, nor chemically unstable, and which have at least either:

(a)  a lower flammability limit of more than 6 % by volume in air; or

(b)  a fundamental burning velocity of less than 10 cm/s;

2

Flammable gas

Gases, other than those of Category 1A or 1B, which, at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa, have a flammable range while mixed in air.

Category

Criteria

Category

Category

Criteria

Criteria

1A

Flammable gas

Gases, which at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa are:

(a)  ignitable when in a mixture of 13 % or less by volume in air; or

(b)  have a flammable range with air of at least 12 percentage points regardless of the lower flammability limit

unless data show they meet the criteria for Category 1B

1A

1A

Flammable gas

Flammable gas

Gases, which at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa are:

(a)  ignitable when in a mixture of 13 % or less by volume in air; or

(b)  have a flammable range with air of at least 12 percentage points regardless of the lower flammability limit

unless data show they meet the criteria for Category 1B

Gases, which at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa are:

(a)  ignitable when in a mixture of 13 % or less by volume in air; or

(b)  have a flammable range with air of at least 12 percentage points regardless of the lower flammability limit

unless data show they meet the criteria for Category 1B

Pyrophoric gas

Flammable gases that ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 54 °C or below

Pyrophoric gas

Pyrophoric gas

Flammable gases that ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 54 °C or below

Flammable gases that ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 54 °C or below

Chemically unstable gas

A

Flammable gases which are chemically unstable at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa

Chemically unstable gas

Chemically unstable gas

A

A

Flammable gases which are chemically unstable at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa

Flammable gases which are chemically unstable at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa

B

Flammable gases which are chemically unstable at a temperature greater than 20 °C and/or a pressure greater than 101,3 kPa

B

B

Flammable gases which are chemically unstable at a temperature greater than 20 °C and/or a pressure greater than 101,3 kPa

Flammable gases which are chemically unstable at a temperature greater than 20 °C and/or a pressure greater than 101,3 kPa

1B

Flammable gas

Gases which meet the flammability criteria for Category 1A, but which are not pyrophoric, nor chemically unstable, and which have at least either:

(a)  a lower flammability limit of more than 6 % by volume in air; or

(b)  a fundamental burning velocity of less than 10 cm/s;

1B

1B

Flammable gas

Flammable gas

Gases which meet the flammability criteria for Category 1A, but which are not pyrophoric, nor chemically unstable, and which have at least either:

(a)  a lower flammability limit of more than 6 % by volume in air; or

(b)  a fundamental burning velocity of less than 10 cm/s;

Gases which meet the flammability criteria for Category 1A, but which are not pyrophoric, nor chemically unstable, and which have at least either:

(a)  a lower flammability limit of more than 6 % by volume in air; or

(b)  a fundamental burning velocity of less than 10 cm/s;

2

Flammable gas

Gases, other than those of Category 1A or 1B, which, at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa, have a flammable range while mixed in air.

2

2

Flammable gas

Flammable gas

Gases, other than those of Category 1A or 1B, which, at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa, have a flammable range while mixed in air.

Gases, other than those of Category 1A or 1B, which, at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa, have a flammable range while mixed in air.

NOTE 1:   Aerosols shall not be classified as flammable gases. See Section 2.3.

NOTE 1:   Aerosols shall not be classified as flammable gases. See Section 2.3. NOTE 1:   Aerosols shall not be classified as flammable gases. See Section 2.3.

NOTE 2:   In the absence of data allowing classification into Category 1B, a flammable gas that meets the criteria for Category 1A is classified by default in Category 1A.

NOTE 2:   In the absence of data allowing classification into Category 1B, a flammable gas that meets the criteria for Category 1A is classified by default in Category 1A. NOTE 2:   In the absence of data allowing classification into Category 1B, a flammable gas that meets the criteria for Category 1A is classified by default in Category 1A.

NOTE 3:   Spontaneous ignition for pyrophoric gases is not always immediate, and there may be a delay.

NOTE 3:   Spontaneous ignition for pyrophoric gases is not always immediate, and there may be a delay. NOTE 3:   Spontaneous ignition for pyrophoric gases is not always immediate, and there may be a delay.

NOTE 4:   In the absence of data on its pyrophoricity, a flammable gas mixture shall be classified as a pyrophoric gas if it contains more than 1 % (by volume) of pyrophoric component(s).

NOTE 4:   In the absence of data on its pyrophoricity, a flammable gas mixture shall be classified as a pyrophoric gas if it contains more than 1 % (by volume) of pyrophoric component(s). NOTE 4:   In the absence of data on its pyrophoricity, a flammable gas mixture shall be classified as a pyrophoric gas if it contains more than 1 % (by volume) of pyrophoric component(s)

▼M4 ▼M4

2.2.3.    Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication Hazard Communication Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances and mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.2.3.

▼M19 ▼M19

Table 2.2.2

Label elements for flammable gases

 

Category 1A

Gases categorised as 1A meeting pyrophoric or unstable gas A/B criteria

Category 1B

Category 2

 

Pyrophoric gas

Chemically unstable gas

 

 

Category A

Category B

GHS Pictogram

image

image

image

image

image

No pictogram

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H220: Extremely flammable gas

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H232: May ignite spontaneously if exposed to air

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H230: May react explosively even in the absence of air

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H231: May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature

H221: Flammable gas

H221: Flammable gas

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P210

P222

P280

P202

P210

P202

P210

P210

P210

Precautionary Statement Response

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 2.2.2 Table 2.2.2

Label elements for flammable gases Label elements for flammable gases

 

Category 1A

Gases categorised as 1A meeting pyrophoric or unstable gas A/B criteria

Category 1B

Category 2

 

Pyrophoric gas

Chemically unstable gas

 

 

Category A

Category B

GHS Pictogram

image

image

image

image

image

No pictogram

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H220: Extremely flammable gas

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H232: May ignite spontaneously if exposed to air

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H230: May react explosively even in the absence of air

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H231: May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature

H221: Flammable gas

H221: Flammable gas

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P210

P222

P280

P202

P210

P202

P210

P210

P210

Precautionary Statement Response

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Category 1A

Gases categorised as 1A meeting pyrophoric or unstable gas A/B criteria

Category 1B

Category 2

 

Pyrophoric gas

Chemically unstable gas

 

 

Category A

Category B

GHS Pictogram

image

image

image

image

image

No pictogram

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H220: Extremely flammable gas

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H232: May ignite spontaneously if exposed to air

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H230: May react explosively even in the absence of air

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H231: May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature

H221: Flammable gas

H221: Flammable gas

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P210

P222

P280

P202

P210

P202

P210

P210

P210

Precautionary Statement Response

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Category 1A

Gases categorised as 1A meeting pyrophoric or unstable gas A/B criteria

Category 1B

Category 2

 

 

Category 1A

Category 1A

Gases categorised as 1A meeting pyrophoric or unstable gas A/B criteria

Gases categorised as 1A meeting pyrophoric or unstable gas A/B criteria

Category 1B

Category 1B

Category 2

Category 2

 

Pyrophoric gas

Chemically unstable gas

 

 

 

 

Pyrophoric gas

Pyrophoric gas

Chemically unstable gas

Chemically unstable gas

 

 

 

 

Category A

Category B

Category A

Category A

Category B

Category B

GHS Pictogram

image

image

image

image

image

No pictogram

GHS Pictogram

GHS Pictogram

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

No pictogram

No pictogram

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Signal Word

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H220: Extremely flammable gas

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H232: May ignite spontaneously if exposed to air

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H230: May react explosively even in the absence of air

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H231: May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature

H221: Flammable gas

H221: Flammable gas

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H220: Extremely flammable gas

H220: Extremely flammable gas

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H232: May ignite spontaneously if exposed to air

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H232: May ignite spontaneously if exposed to air

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H230: May react explosively even in the absence of air

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H230: May react explosively even in the absence of air

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H231: May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature

H220: Extremely flammable gas.

H231: May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature

H221: Flammable gas

H221: Flammable gas

H221: Flammable gas

H221: Flammable gas

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P210

P222

P280

P202

P210

P202

P210

P210

P210

Precautionary Statement Prevention

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P210

P210

P222

P280

P210

P222

P280

P202

P210

P202

P210

P202

P210

P202

P210

P210

P210

P210

P210

Precautionary Statement Response

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

Precautionary Statement Response

Precautionary Statement Response

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

P377

P381

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

Precautionary Statement Storage

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

P403

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

 

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

▼M19 ▼M19

If a flammable gas or gas mixture is classified as pyrophoric and/or chemically unstable, then all relevant classification(s) shall be communicated on the safety data sheet as specified in Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, and the relevant hazard communication elements included on the label.

▼M19 ▼M19

The classification procedure is set out in the following decision logic (see Figure 2.2.1).

Figure 2.2.1 Figure 2.2.1

Flammable gases Flammable gases image

Text of image Text of image

Category 1A

Chemically unstable gas A

Category 1A

Pyrophoric gas

Category 1A

Pyrophoric gas and chemically unstable gas B

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Category 1A

Pyrophoric gas and chemically unstable gas A

Is it chemically unstable at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa?

Is it chemically unstable at a temperature greater than 20 °C and/or a pressure greater than 101,3 kPa?

Is it chemically unstable at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa?

Does it ignite spontaneously in air at 54 °C or below? (1)

Not classified as a flammable gas

Does it have a flammable range with air at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa?

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

The substance/mixure is a gas

(1)  In the absence of data on its pyrophoricity, a flammable gas mixture shall be classified as a pyrophoric gas if it contains more than 1 % (by volume) of pyrophoric component(s).

(1)  In the absence of data on its pyrophoricity, a flammable gas mixture shall be classified as a pyrophoric gas if it contains more than 1 % (by volume) of pyrophoric component(s). 1   In the absence of data on its pyrophoricity, a flammable gas mixture shall be classified as a pyrophoric gas if it contains more than 1 % (by volume) of pyrophoric component(s). image

Text of image Text of image

Category 2

No pictogram

Warning

Does it have a lower flammability limit &gt; 6 % by volume in air, and/or does it have a fundamental burning velocity &lt; 10 cm/s?

At 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa, does it:

(a) ignite when a mixture of 13 % or less by volume in air?; or

(b) have a flammable range with air of at least 12 percentage poins regardless of the lower flammability limit?

Is it chemically unstable at a temperature greater than 20 °C and/or a pressure greater than 101,3 kPa?

No or unknown

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Category 1B

Category 1A

Danger

Danger

Danger

Category 1A

Chemically unstable gas B

▼M19 ————— ▼M19

▼M4 ▼M4

2.2.4.    Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations Additional Classification Considerations Additional Classification Considerations

▼M19 ▼M19

2.2.4.1. Flammability shall be determined by tests or, for mixtures where there are sufficient data available, by calculation in accordance with the methods adopted by ISO (see ISO 10156 as amended, ‘Gases and gas mixtures — Determination of fire potential and oxidising ability for the selection of cylinder valve outlets’ and, if using fundamental burning velocity for Category 1B, see ISO 817 as amended ‘Refrigerants-Designation and safety classification, Annex C:- Method of test for burning velocity measurement of flammable gases’). Instead of the test apparatus according to ISO 10156 as amended, the test apparatus for the tube method according to clause 4.2 of EN 1839 as amended (Determination of explosion limits of gases and vapours) may be used.

2.2.4.1. Flammability shall be determined by tests or, for mixtures where there are sufficient data available, by calculation in accordance with the methods adopted by ISO (see ISO 10156 as amended, ‘Gases and gas mixtures — Determination of fire potential and oxidising ability for the selection of cylinder valve outlets’ and, if using fundamental burning velocity for Category 1B, see ISO 817 as amended ‘Refrigerants-Designation and safety classification, Annex C:- Method of test for burning velocity measurement of flammable gases’). Instead of the test apparatus according to ISO 10156 as amended, the test apparatus for the tube method according to clause 4.2 of EN 1839 as amended (Determination of explosion limits of gases and vapours) may be used.  

▼M19 ▼M19

2.2.4.2. Pyrophoricity shall be determined at 54 °C in accordance with either IEC 60079-20-1 ed1.0 (2010-01) ‘Explosive atmospheres – Part 20-1: Material characteristics for gas and vapour classification – Test methods and data’ or DIN 51794 ‘Determining the ignition temperature of petroleum products’.

2.2.4.2. Pyrophoricity shall be determined at 54 °C in accordance with either IEC 60079-20-1 ed1.0 (2010-01) ‘Explosive atmospheres – Part 20-1: Material characteristics for gas and vapour classification – Test methods and data’ or DIN 51794 ‘Determining the ignition temperature of petroleum products’.  

2.2.4.3. The classification procedure for pyrophoric gases need not be applied when experience in production or handling shows that the substance does not ignite spontaneously on coming into contact with air at a temperature of 54 °C or below. Flammable gas mixtures, which have not been tested for pyrophoricity and contain more than one percent pyrophoric components, shall be classified as a pyrophoric gas. Expert judgement on the properties and physical hazards of pyrophoric gases and their mixtures shall be used in assessing the need for classification of flammable gas mixtures containing one percent or less pyrophoric components. In this case, testing need only be considered if expert judgement indicates a need for additional data to support the classification process.

2.2.4.3. The classification procedure for pyrophoric gases need not be applied when experience in production or handling shows that the substance does not ignite spontaneously on coming into contact with air at a temperature of 54 °C or below. Flammable gas mixtures, which have not been tested for pyrophoricity and contain more than one percent pyrophoric components, shall be classified as a pyrophoric gas. Expert judgement on the properties and physical hazards of pyrophoric gases and their mixtures shall be used in assessing the need for classification of flammable gas mixtures containing one percent or less pyrophoric components. In this case, testing need only be considered if expert judgement indicates a need for additional data to support the classification process.  

▼M4 ▼M4

►M19  2.2.4.4. ◄  Chemical instability shall be determined in accordance with the method described in Part III of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria. If the calculations in accordance with ISO 10156 as amended show that a gas mixture is not flammable it is not necessary to carry out the tests for determining chemical instability for classification purposes.

►M19  2.2.4.4. ◄  Chemical instability shall be determined in accordance with the method described in Part III of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria. If the calculations in accordance with ISO 10156 as amended show that a gas mixture is not flammable it is not necessary to carry out the tests for determining chemical instability for classification purposes. ►M19 ►M19 ►M19  ◄  

2.3.    Aerosols

Aerosols Aerosols

2.3.1.    Definitions

Definitions Definitions Definitions

Aerosols, this means aerosol dispensers, are any non-refillable receptacles made of metal, glass or plastics and containing a gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure, with or without a liquid, paste or powder, and fitted with a release device allowing the contents to be ejected as solid or liquid particles in suspension in a gas, as a foam, paste or powder or in a liquid state or in a gaseous state.

2.3.2.    Classification criteria

Classification criteria Classification criteria Classification criteria

▼M12 ▼M12

2.3.2.1. Aerosols shall be classified in one of the three categories of this hazard class, depending on their flammable properties and their heat of combustion. They shall be considered for classification in Category 1 or 2 if they contain more than 1 % components (by mass) which are classified as flammable according to the following criteria set out in this Part:

2.3.2.1. Aerosols shall be classified in one of the three categories of this hazard class, depending on their flammable properties and their heat of combustion. They shall be considered for classification in Category 1 or 2 if they contain more than 1 % components (by mass) which are classified as flammable according to the following criteria set out in this Part:  

— 
Flammable gases (see Section 2.2);
— 
— 
Flammable gases (see Section 2.2);
Flammable gases (see Section 2.2);
— 
Liquids with a flash point ≤ 93 °C, which includes Flammable Liquids according to Section 2.6;
— 
— 
Liquids with a flash point ≤ 93 °C, which includes Flammable Liquids according to Section 2.6;
Liquids with a flash point ≤ 93 °C, which includes Flammable Liquids according to Section 2.6;
— 
Flammable solids (see Section 2.7);
— 
— 
Flammable solids (see Section 2.7);
Flammable solids (see Section 2.7);

or if their heat of combustion is at least 20 kJ/g.

NOTE 1: Flammable components do not cover pyrophoric, self-heating or water-reactive substances and mixtures because such components are never used as aerosol contents. NOTE 1:

NOTE 2: Aerosols do not fall additionally within the scope of Sections 2.2 (flammable gases), 2.5 (gases under pressure), 2.6 (flammable liquids) and 2.7 (flammable solids). Depending on their contents, aerosols may however fall within the scope of other hazard classes, including their labelling elements. NOTE 2:

▼M4 ▼M4

2.3.2.2. An aerosol shall be classified in one of the three categories for this Class on the basis of its components, of its chemical heat of combustion and, if applicable, of the results of the foam test (for foam aerosols) and of the ignition distance test and enclosed space test (for spray aerosols) in accordance with Figures 2.3.1(a) to 2.3.1(c) of this Annex and subsections 31.4, 31.5 and 31.6 of Part III of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria. Aerosols which do not meet the criteria for inclusion in Category 1 or Category 2 shall be classified in Category 3.

2.3.2.2. An aerosol shall be classified in one of the three categories for this Class on the basis of its components, of its chemical heat of combustion and, if applicable, of the results of the foam test (for foam aerosols) and of the ignition distance test and enclosed space test (for spray aerosols) in accordance with Figures 2.3.1(a) to 2.3.1(c) of this Annex and subsections 31.4, 31.5 and 31.6 of Part III of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria. Aerosols which do not meet the criteria for inclusion in Category 1 or Category 2 shall be classified in Category 3.  

Note:

Note:

Aerosols containing more than 1 % flammable components or with a heat of combustion of at least 20 kJ/g, which are not submitted to the flammability classification procedures in this section shall be classified as aerosols, Category 1.

▼M12 ▼M12

Figure 2.3.1 (a) Figure 2.3.1 (a)

For aerosols For aerosols image

Text of image Text of image

AEROSOL

Does it contain ≤ 1% flammable components (by mass) and does it have a heat of combustion < 20 kJ/g?

YES

Category 3

No pictogram

Warning

NO

Does it contain ≥ 85% flammable components (by mass) and does it have a heat of combustion ≥ 30 kJ/g?

YES

Category 1

Danger

NO

For spray aerosols, go to decision logic 2.3.1(b)

For foam aerosols, go to decision logic 2.3.1(c)

▼M4 ▼M4

Figure 2.3.1 (b) Figure 2.3.1 (b)

Spray aerosols Spray aerosols image

Text of image Text of image

SPRAY AEROSOL

In the ignition distance test, does ignition occur at a distance ≥ 75 cm?

YES

Category 1

Danger

NO

Does it have a heat of combustion < 20 kJ/g?

NO

Category 2

Warning

YES

In the ignition distance test, does ignition occur at a distance ≥ 15 cm?

YES

Category 2

Warning

NO

In the enclosed space ignition test; is:

(a) the time equivalent ≤ 300 s/m3; or 3

(b) the deflagration density ≤ 300 g/m3? 3

YES

Category 2

Warning

NO

Category 3

No pictogram

Warning

Figure 2.3.1 (c) Figure 2.3.1 (c)

Foam aerosols Foam aerosols image

Text of image Text of image

FOAM AEROSOL

In the foam test, is:

(a) the flame height ≥ 20 cm and the flame duration ≥ 2 s; or

(b) the flame height ≥ 4 cm and the flame duration ≥ 7s?

YES

Category 1

Danger

NO

In the foam test, is the flame height ≥ 4 cm and the flame duration ≥ 2 s?

YES

Category 2

Warning

NO

Category 3

No pictogram

Warning

2.3.3.    Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication Hazard Communication Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.3.1.

Table 2.3.1

▼M12

Label elements for aerosols

▼M4

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

No pictogram

Signal Word

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H222: Extremely flammable aerosol

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

H223: Flammable aerosol

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P211

P251

P210

P211

P251

P210

P251

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P410 + P412

P410 + P412

P410 + P412

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

Table 2.3.1 Table 2.3.1

▼M12 ▼M12

Label elements for aerosols Label elements for aerosols

▼M4 ▼M4

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

No pictogram

Signal Word

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H222: Extremely flammable aerosol

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

H223: Flammable aerosol

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P211

P251

P210

P211

P251

P210

P251

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P410 + P412

P410 + P412

P410 + P412

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

No pictogram

Signal Word

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H222: Extremely flammable aerosol

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

H223: Flammable aerosol

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P211

P251

P210

P211

P251

P210

P251

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P410 + P412

P410 + P412

P410 + P412

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

Classification

Classification

Category 1

Category 1

Category 2

Category 2

Category 3

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

No pictogram

GHS Pictograms

GHS Pictograms

image

image image

image

image image

No pictogram

No pictogram

Signal Word

Danger

Warning

Warning

Signal Word

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H222: Extremely flammable aerosol

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

H223: Flammable aerosol

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H222: Extremely flammable aerosol

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

H222: Extremely flammable aerosol

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

H223: Flammable aerosol

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

H223: Flammable aerosol

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P211

P251

P210

P211

P251

P210

P251

Precautionary Statement Prevention

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P211

P251

P210

P211

P251

P210

P211

P251

P210

P211

P251

P210

P251

P210

P251

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

 

Precautionary Statement Response

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

 

 

 

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P410 + P412

P410 + P412

P410 + P412

Precautionary Statement Storage

Precautionary Statement Storage

P410 + P412

P410 + P412

P410 + P412

P410 + P412

P410 + P412

P410 + P412

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.3.4.    Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations Additional Classification Considerations Additional Classification Considerations

2.3.4.1. The chemical heat of combustion (ΔΗc), in kilojoules per gram (kJ/g), is the product of the theoretical heat of combustion (ΔΗcomb), and a combustion efficiency, usually less than 1,0 (a typical combustion efficiency is 0,95 or 95 %).

2.3.4.1. The chemical heat of combustion (ΔΗc), in kilojoules per gram (kJ/g), is the product of the theoretical heat of combustion (ΔΗcomb), and a combustion efficiency, usually less than 1,0 (a typical combustion efficiency is 0,95 or 95 %).   c comb

For a composite aerosol formulation, the chemical heat of combustion is the summation of the weighted heats of combustion for the individual components, as follows:

image image

where:

ΔΗc

=

chemical heat of combustion (kJ/g);

ΔΗc

=

chemical heat of combustion (kJ/g);

ΔΗc

=

chemical heat of combustion (kJ/g);

ΔΗc

ΔΗc c

=

=

chemical heat of combustion (kJ/g);

chemical heat of combustion (kJ/g);

wi %

=

mass fraction of component i in the product;

wi %

=

mass fraction of component i in the product;

wi %

=

mass fraction of component i in the product;

wi %

wi % i

=

=

mass fraction of component i in the product;

mass fraction of component i in the product;

ΔΗc(i)

=

specific heat of combustion (kJ/g)of component i in the product.

ΔΗc(i)

=

specific heat of combustion (kJ/g)of component i in the product.

ΔΗc(i)

=

specific heat of combustion (kJ/g)of component i in the product.

ΔΗc(i)

ΔΗc(i) c(i)

=

=

specific heat of combustion (kJ/g)of component i in the product.

specific heat of combustion (kJ/g)of component i in the product.

The chemical heats of combustion can be found in the literature, calculated or determined by tests (see ASTM D 240 as amended — Standard Test Methods for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter, EN/ISO 13943 as amended, 86.l to 86.3 — Fire safety — Vocabulary, and NFPA 30B as amended — Code for the Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products).

▼B ▼B

2.4.   Oxidising gases

Oxidising gases

2.4.1.   Definitions

Definitions

Oxidising gas means any gas or gas mixture which may, generally by providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does.

2.4.2.   Classification criteria

Classification criteria

2.4.2.1. An oxidising gas shall be classified in a single category for this class in accordance with Table 2.4.1.:

2.4.2.1. An oxidising gas shall be classified in a single category for this class in accordance with Table 2.4.1.:  

Table 2.4.1

Criteria for oxidising gases

Category

Criteria

1

Any gas which may, generally by providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does.

Table 2.4.1

Criteria for oxidising gases

Category

Criteria

1

Any gas which may, generally by providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does.

Category

Criteria

1

Any gas which may, generally by providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does.

Category

Criteria

Category

Category

Criteria

Criteria

1

Any gas which may, generally by providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does.

1

1

Any gas which may, generally by providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does.

Any gas which may, generally by providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does.

▼M4 ▼M4

Note:

Note:

‘Gases which cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does’ means pure gases or gas mixtures with an oxidising power greater than 23,5 % as determined by a method specified in ISO 10156 as amended.

▼B ▼B

2.4.3.   Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.4.2.

Table 2.4.2

Label elements for oxidising gases

Classification

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statement

H270: May cause or intensify fire; oxidiser

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P220

P244

Precautionary Statement

Response

P370 + P376

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P403

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

Table 2.4.2

Label elements for oxidising gases

Classification

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statement

H270: May cause or intensify fire; oxidiser

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P220

P244

Precautionary Statement

Response

P370 + P376

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P403

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

Classification

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statement

H270: May cause or intensify fire; oxidiser

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P220

P244

Precautionary Statement

Response

P370 + P376

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P403

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

Classification

Category 1

Classification

Classification

Category 1

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

GHS Pictogram

GHS Pictogram

image

image image

Signal Word

Danger

Signal Word

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Hazard Statement

H270: May cause or intensify fire; oxidiser

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H270: May cause or intensify fire; oxidiser

H270: May cause or intensify fire; oxidiser

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P220

P244

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P220

P244

P220

P244

Precautionary Statement

Response

P370 + P376

Precautionary Statement

Response

Precautionary Statement

Response

P370 + P376

P370 + P376

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P403

Precautionary Statement

Storage

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P403

P403

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

 

▼M4 ▼M4

2.4.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations

To classify an oxidising gas, tests or calculation methods as described in ISO 10156 as amended, “Gases and gas mixtures — Determination of fire potential and oxidising ability for the selection of cylinder valve outlet” shall be performed.

▼B ▼B

2.5.   Gases under pressure

Gases under pressure

2.5.1.   Definition

Definition

2.5.1.1.  ►M4  Gases under pressure are gases which are contained in a receptacle at a pressure of 200 kPa (gauge) or more at 20 °C, or which are liquefied or liquefied and refrigerated. ◄

2.5.1.1.  ►M4  Gases under pressure are gases which are contained in a receptacle at a pressure of 200 kPa (gauge) or more at 20 °C, or which are liquefied or liquefied and refrigerated. ◄   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

They comprise compressed gases, liquefied gases, dissolved gases and refrigerated liquefied gases.

2.5.1.2. The critical temperature is the temperature above which a pure gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the degree of compression.

2.5.1.2. The critical temperature is the temperature above which a pure gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the degree of compression.  

▼M4 ▼M4

2.5.2.    Classification criteria

Classification criteria Classification criteria Classification criteria

2.5.2.1. Gases under pressure shall be classified, according to their physical state when packaged, in one of four groups in accordance with Table 2.5.1:

2.5.2.1. Gases under pressure shall be classified, according to their physical state when packaged, in one of four groups in accordance with Table 2.5.1:  

Table 2.5.1

Criteria for gases under pressure

Group

Criteria

Compressed gas

A gas which when packaged under pressure is entirely gaseous at – 50 °C; including all gases with a critical temperature ≤ – 50 °C.

Liquefied gas

A gas which, when packaged under pressure, is partially liquid at temperatures above – 50 °C. A distinction is made between:

(i)  high pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a critical temperature between – 50 °C and + 65 °C; and

(ii)  low pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a critical temperature above + 65 °C.

Refrigerated liquefied gas

A gas which when packaged is made partially liquid because of its low temperature.

Dissolved gas

A gas which when packaged under pressure is dissolved in a liquid phase solvent.

Note:

Aerosols shall not be classified as gases under pressure. See section 2.3.

Table 2.5.1 Table 2.5.1

Criteria for gases under pressure Criteria for gases under pressure

Group

Criteria

Compressed gas

A gas which when packaged under pressure is entirely gaseous at – 50 °C; including all gases with a critical temperature ≤ – 50 °C.

Liquefied gas

A gas which, when packaged under pressure, is partially liquid at temperatures above – 50 °C. A distinction is made between:

(i)  high pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a critical temperature between – 50 °C and + 65 °C; and

(ii)  low pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a critical temperature above + 65 °C.

Refrigerated liquefied gas

A gas which when packaged is made partially liquid because of its low temperature.

Dissolved gas

A gas which when packaged under pressure is dissolved in a liquid phase solvent.

Note:

Aerosols shall not be classified as gases under pressure. See section 2.3.

Group

Criteria

Compressed gas

A gas which when packaged under pressure is entirely gaseous at – 50 °C; including all gases with a critical temperature ≤ – 50 °C.

Liquefied gas

A gas which, when packaged under pressure, is partially liquid at temperatures above – 50 °C. A distinction is made between:

(i)  high pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a critical temperature between – 50 °C and + 65 °C; and

(ii)  low pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a critical temperature above + 65 °C.

Refrigerated liquefied gas

A gas which when packaged is made partially liquid because of its low temperature.

Dissolved gas

A gas which when packaged under pressure is dissolved in a liquid phase solvent.

Note:

Aerosols shall not be classified as gases under pressure. See section 2.3.

Group

Criteria

Group

Group

Criteria

Criteria

Compressed gas

A gas which when packaged under pressure is entirely gaseous at – 50 °C; including all gases with a critical temperature ≤ – 50 °C.

Compressed gas

Compressed gas

A gas which when packaged under pressure is entirely gaseous at – 50 °C; including all gases with a critical temperature ≤ – 50 °C.

A gas which when packaged under pressure is entirely gaseous at – 50 °C; including all gases with a critical temperature ≤ – 50 °C.

Liquefied gas

A gas which, when packaged under pressure, is partially liquid at temperatures above – 50 °C. A distinction is made between:

(i)  high pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a critical temperature between – 50 °C and + 65 °C; and

(ii)  low pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a critical temperature above + 65 °C.

Liquefied gas

Liquefied gas

A gas which, when packaged under pressure, is partially liquid at temperatures above – 50 °C. A distinction is made between:

(i)  high pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a critical temperature between – 50 °C and + 65 °C; and

(ii)  low pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a critical temperature above + 65 °C.

A gas which, when packaged under pressure, is partially liquid at temperatures above – 50 °C. A distinction is made between:

(i)  high pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a critical temperature between – 50 °C and + 65 °C; and

(ii)  low pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a critical temperature above + 65 °C.

Refrigerated liquefied gas

A gas which when packaged is made partially liquid because of its low temperature.

Refrigerated liquefied gas

Refrigerated liquefied gas

A gas which when packaged is made partially liquid because of its low temperature.

A gas which when packaged is made partially liquid because of its low temperature.

Dissolved gas

A gas which when packaged under pressure is dissolved in a liquid phase solvent.

Dissolved gas

Dissolved gas

A gas which when packaged under pressure is dissolved in a liquid phase solvent.

A gas which when packaged under pressure is dissolved in a liquid phase solvent.

Note:

Aerosols shall not be classified as gases under pressure. See section 2.3.

Note:

Aerosols shall not be classified as gases under pressure. See section 2.3.

Note: Note:

Aerosols shall not be classified as gases under pressure. See section 2.3.

▼B ▼B

2.5.3.   Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.5.2.

▼M12 ▼M12

Table 2.5.2

Label elements for gases under pressure

Classification

Compressed gas

Liquefied gas

Refrigerated liquefied gas

Dissolved gas

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

Signal Word

Warning

Warning

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

H281: Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

Precautionary Statement Prevention

 

 

P282

 

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

P336 + P315

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P410 + P403

P410 + P403

P403

P410 + P403

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

 

Table 2.5.2 Table 2.5.2

Label elements for gases under pressure Label elements for gases under pressure

Classification

Compressed gas

Liquefied gas

Refrigerated liquefied gas

Dissolved gas

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

Signal Word

Warning

Warning

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

H281: Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

Precautionary Statement Prevention

 

 

P282

 

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

P336 + P315

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P410 + P403

P410 + P403

P403

P410 + P403

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

 

Classification

Compressed gas

Liquefied gas

Refrigerated liquefied gas

Dissolved gas

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

Signal Word

Warning

Warning

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

H281: Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

Precautionary Statement Prevention

 

 

P282

 

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

P336 + P315

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P410 + P403

P410 + P403

P403

P410 + P403

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

 

Classification

Compressed gas

Liquefied gas

Refrigerated liquefied gas

Dissolved gas

Classification

Classification

Compressed gas

Compressed gas

Liquefied gas

Liquefied gas

Refrigerated liquefied gas

Refrigerated liquefied gas

Dissolved gas

Dissolved gas

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

GHS Pictograms

GHS Pictograms

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

Signal Word

Warning

Warning

Warning

Warning

Signal Word

Signal Word

Warning

Warning

Warning

Warning

Warning

Warning

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

H281: Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

H281: Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury

H281: Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated

Precautionary Statement Prevention

 

 

P282

 

Precautionary Statement Prevention

Precautionary Statement Prevention

 

 

 

 

P282

P282

 

 

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

P336 + P315

 

Precautionary Statement Response

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

 

 

P336 + P315

P336 + P315

 

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P410 + P403

P410 + P403

P403

P410 + P403

Precautionary Statement Storage

Precautionary Statement Storage

P410 + P403

P410 + P403

P410 + P403

P410 + P403

P403

P403

P410 + P403

P410 + P403

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

▼M2 ▼M2

Note:

Pictogram GHS04 is not required for gases under pressure where pictogram GHS02 or pictogram GHS06 appears.

▼B ▼B

2.5.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations

For this group of gases, the following information is required to be known:

— 
the vapour pressure at 50 oC;
— 
— 
the vapour pressure at 50 oC;
the vapour pressure at 50 oC;
o
— 
the physical state at 20 oC at standard ambient pressure;
— 
— 
the physical state at 20 oC at standard ambient pressure;
the physical state at 20 oC at standard ambient pressure;
o
— 
the critical temperature.
— 
— 
the critical temperature.
the critical temperature.

▼M4 ▼M4

Data can be found in the literature, calculated or determined by testing. Most pure gases are already classified in the UN RTDG, Model Regulations.

▼B ▼B

2.6.   Flammable liquids

Flammable liquids

2.6.1.   Definition

Definition

Flammable liquid means a liquid having a flash point of not more than 60 oC. o

2.6.2.   Classification criteria

Classification criteria

2.6.2.1. A flammable liquid shall be classified in one of the three categories for this class in accordance with Table 2.6.1:

2.6.2.1. A flammable liquid shall be classified in one of the three categories for this class in accordance with Table 2.6.1:  

Table 2.6.1

Criteria for flammable liquids

Category

Criteria

1

Flash point < 23 oC and initial boiling point ≤ 35 oC

2

Flash point < 23 oC and initial boiling point > 35 oC

3

Flash point ≥ 23 oC and ≤ 60 oC ()

(1)   

For the purpose of this Regulation gas oils, diesel and light heating oils having a flash point between ≥ 55 oC and ≤ 75 oC may be regarded as Category 3.

Table 2.6.1

Criteria for flammable liquids

Category

Criteria

1

Flash point < 23 oC and initial boiling point ≤ 35 oC

2

Flash point < 23 oC and initial boiling point > 35 oC

3

Flash point ≥ 23 oC and ≤ 60 oC ()

(1)   

For the purpose of this Regulation gas oils, diesel and light heating oils having a flash point between ≥ 55 oC and ≤ 75 oC may be regarded as Category 3.

Category

Criteria

1

Flash point < 23 oC and initial boiling point ≤ 35 oC

2

Flash point < 23 oC and initial boiling point > 35 oC

3

Flash point ≥ 23 oC and ≤ 60 oC ()

(1)   

For the purpose of this Regulation gas oils, diesel and light heating oils having a flash point between ≥ 55 oC and ≤ 75 oC may be regarded as Category 3.

Category

Criteria

Category

Category

Criteria

Criteria

1

Flash point < 23 oC and initial boiling point ≤ 35 oC

1

1

Flash point < 23 oC and initial boiling point ≤ 35 oC

Flash point < 23 oC and initial boiling point ≤ 35 oC o o

2

Flash point < 23 oC and initial boiling point > 35 oC

2

2

Flash point < 23 oC and initial boiling point > 35 oC

Flash point < 23 oC and initial boiling point > 35 oC o o

3

Flash point ≥ 23 oC and ≤ 60 oC ()

3

3

Flash point ≥ 23 oC and ≤ 60 oC ()

Flash point ≥ 23 oC and ≤ 60 oC () o o ()

(1)   

For the purpose of this Regulation gas oils, diesel and light heating oils having a flash point between ≥ 55 oC and ≤ 75 oC may be regarded as Category 3.

(1)   

For the purpose of this Regulation gas oils, diesel and light heating oils having a flash point between ≥ 55 oC and ≤ 75 oC may be regarded as Category 3.

(1)   

For the purpose of this Regulation gas oils, diesel and light heating oils having a flash point between ≥ 55 oC and ≤ 75 oC may be regarded as Category 3.

(1)    1

For the purpose of this Regulation gas oils, diesel and light heating oils having a flash point between ≥ 55 oC and ≤ 75 oC may be regarded as Category 3. o o

▼M2 ▼M2

Note:

Aerosols shall not be classified as flammable liquids; see section 2.3.

▼B ▼B

2.6.3.   Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.6.2.

Table 2.6.2

Label elements for flammable liquids

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H224: Extremely flammable liquid and vapour

H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour

H226: Flammable liquid and vapour

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

Precautionary Statement

Response

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P403 + P235

P403 + P235

P403 + P235

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

P501

P501

P501

Table 2.6.2

Label elements for flammable liquids

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H224: Extremely flammable liquid and vapour

H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour

H226: Flammable liquid and vapour

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

Precautionary Statement

Response

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P403 + P235

P403 + P235

P403 + P235

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

P501

P501

P501

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H224: Extremely flammable liquid and vapour

H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour

H226: Flammable liquid and vapour

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

Precautionary Statement

Response

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P403 + P235

P403 + P235

P403 + P235

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

P501

P501

P501

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

Classification

Classification

Category 1

Category 1

Category 2

Category 2

Category 3

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

GHS Pictograms

GHS Pictograms

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Signal Word

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H224: Extremely flammable liquid and vapour

H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour

H226: Flammable liquid and vapour

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H224: Extremely flammable liquid and vapour

H224: Extremely flammable liquid and vapour

H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour

H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour

H226: Flammable liquid and vapour

H226: Flammable liquid and vapour

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

P210

P233

P240

P241

P242

P243

P280

Precautionary Statement

Response

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement

Response

Precautionary Statement

Response

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

P303 + P361 + P353

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P403 + P235

P403 + P235

P403 + P235

Precautionary Statement

Storage

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P403 + P235

P403 + P235

P403 + P235

P403 + P235

P403 + P235

P403 + P235

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

P501

P501

P501

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

2.6.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations

2.6.4.1. For the classification of flammable liquids data on flash point and initial boiling point are needed. Data can be determined by testing, found in literature or calculated. If data are not available, the flash point and the initial boiling point shall be determined through testing. For flash point determination a closed-cup method shall be used.

2.6.4.1. For the classification of flammable liquids data on flash point and initial boiling point are needed. Data can be determined by testing, found in literature or calculated. If data are not available, the flash point and the initial boiling point shall be determined through testing. For flash point determination a closed-cup method shall be used.  

▼M19 ▼M19

2.6.4.2. In the case of mixtures ( 9 ) containing known flammable liquids in defined concentrations, although they may contain non-volatile components e.g. polymers, additives, the flash point need not be determined experimentally if the calculated flash point of the mixture, using the method given in 2.6.4.3 below, is at least 5 °C ( 10 ) greater than the relevant classification criterion and provided that:

2.6.4.2. In the case of mixtures ( 9 ) containing known flammable liquids in defined concentrations, although they may contain non-volatile components e.g. polymers, additives, the flash point need not be determined experimentally if the calculated flash point of the mixture, using the method given in 2.6.4.3 below, is at least 5 °C ( 10 ) greater than the relevant classification criterion and provided that:   9 9 10 10

▼B ▼B

(a) 

the composition of the mixture is accurately known (if the material has a specified range of composition, the composition with the lowest calculated flash point shall be selected for assessment);

(a) 
(a) 

the composition of the mixture is accurately known (if the material has a specified range of composition, the composition with the lowest calculated flash point shall be selected for assessment);

the composition of the mixture is accurately known (if the material has a specified range of composition, the composition with the lowest calculated flash point shall be selected for assessment);

(b) 

the lower explosion limit of each component is known (an appropriate correlation has to be applied when these data are extrapolated to other temperatures than test conditions) as well as a method for calculating the lower explosion limit ►M2  of the mixture ◄ ;

(b) 
(b) 

the lower explosion limit of each component is known (an appropriate correlation has to be applied when these data are extrapolated to other temperatures than test conditions) as well as a method for calculating the lower explosion limit ►M2  of the mixture ◄ ;

the lower explosion limit of each component is known (an appropriate correlation has to be applied when these data are extrapolated to other temperatures than test conditions) as well as a method for calculating the lower explosion limit ►M2  of the mixture ◄ ; ►M2 ►M2 ►M2  ◄

(c) 

the temperature dependence of the saturated vapour pressure and of the activity coefficient is known for each component as present in the mixture;

(c) 
(c) 

the temperature dependence of the saturated vapour pressure and of the activity coefficient is known for each component as present in the mixture;

the temperature dependence of the saturated vapour pressure and of the activity coefficient is known for each component as present in the mixture;

(d) 

the liquid phase is homogeneous.

(d) 
(d) 

the liquid phase is homogeneous.

the liquid phase is homogeneous.

2.6.4.3. One suitable method is described in Gmehling and Rasmussen (Ind. Eng. Fundament, 21, 186, (1982)). For a mixture containing non-volatile components the flash point is calculated from the volatile components. It is considered that a non-volatile component only slightly decreases the partial pressure of the solvents and the calculated flash point is only slightly below the measured value.

2.6.4.3. One suitable method is described in Gmehling and Rasmussen (Ind. Eng. Fundament, 21, 186, (1982)). For a mixture containing non-volatile components the flash point is calculated from the volatile components. It is considered that a non-volatile component only slightly decreases the partial pressure of the solvents and the calculated flash point is only slightly below the measured value.  

2.6.4.4. Possible test methods for determining the flash point of flammable liquids are listed in Table 2.6.3.

2.6.4.4. Possible test methods for determining the flash point of flammable liquids are listed in Table 2.6.3.  

Table 2.6.3

Methods for determining the flash point of flammable liquids

European standards:

EN ISO 1516 as amended

Determination of flash/no flash — Closed cup equilibrium method

EN ISO 1523 as amended

Determination of flash point — Closed cup equilibrium method

EN ISO 2719 as amended

Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method

EN ISO 3679 as amended

Determination of flash point — Rapid equilibrium closed cup method

EN ISO 3680 as amended

Determination of flash/no flash — Rapid equilibrium closed cup method

EN ISO 13736 as amended

Petroleum products and other liquids — Determination of flash point — Abel closed cup method

National standards:

Association française de normalisation, AFNOR:

NF M07-036 as amended

Détermination du point d'éclair — Vase clos Abel-Pensky

(identical to DIN 51755)

▼M2 —————

▼B

Deutsches Institut für Normung

DIN 51755 (flash points below 65 C) as amended Prüfung von Mineralölen und anderen brennbaren Flüssigkeiten; Bestimmung des Flammpunktes im geschlossenen Tiegel, nach Abel-Pensky

(identical to NF M07-036)

Table 2.6.3

Methods for determining the flash point of flammable liquids

European standards:

EN ISO 1516 as amended

Determination of flash/no flash — Closed cup equilibrium method

EN ISO 1523 as amended

Determination of flash point — Closed cup equilibrium method

EN ISO 2719 as amended

Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method

EN ISO 3679 as amended

Determination of flash point — Rapid equilibrium closed cup method

EN ISO 3680 as amended

Determination of flash/no flash — Rapid equilibrium closed cup method

EN ISO 13736 as amended

Petroleum products and other liquids — Determination of flash point — Abel closed cup method

National standards:

Association française de normalisation, AFNOR:

NF M07-036 as amended

Détermination du point d'éclair — Vase clos Abel-Pensky

(identical to DIN 51755)

▼M2 —————

▼B

Deutsches Institut für Normung

DIN 51755 (flash points below 65 C) as amended Prüfung von Mineralölen und anderen brennbaren Flüssigkeiten; Bestimmung des Flammpunktes im geschlossenen Tiegel, nach Abel-Pensky

(identical to NF M07-036)

European standards:

EN ISO 1516 as amended

Determination of flash/no flash — Closed cup equilibrium method

EN ISO 1523 as amended

Determination of flash point — Closed cup equilibrium method

EN ISO 2719 as amended

Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method

EN ISO 3679 as amended

Determination of flash point — Rapid equilibrium closed cup method

EN ISO 3680 as amended

Determination of flash/no flash — Rapid equilibrium closed cup method

EN ISO 13736 as amended

Petroleum products and other liquids — Determination of flash point — Abel closed cup method

National standards:

Association française de normalisation, AFNOR:

NF M07-036 as amended

Détermination du point d'éclair — Vase clos Abel-Pensky

(identical to DIN 51755)

▼M2 —————

▼B

Deutsches Institut für Normung

DIN 51755 (flash points below 65 C) as amended Prüfung von Mineralölen und anderen brennbaren Flüssigkeiten; Bestimmung des Flammpunktes im geschlossenen Tiegel, nach Abel-Pensky

(identical to NF M07-036)

European standards:

EN ISO 1516 as amended

Determination of flash/no flash — Closed cup equilibrium method

European standards:

European standards:

EN ISO 1516 as amended

Determination of flash/no flash — Closed cup equilibrium method

EN ISO 1516 as amended

Determination of flash/no flash — Closed cup equilibrium method

EN ISO 1523 as amended

Determination of flash point — Closed cup equilibrium method

EN ISO 1523 as amended

Determination of flash point — Closed cup equilibrium method

EN ISO 1523 as amended

Determination of flash point — Closed cup equilibrium method

EN ISO 2719 as amended

Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method

EN ISO 2719 as amended

Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method

EN ISO 2719 as amended

Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method

EN ISO 3679 as amended

Determination of flash point — Rapid equilibrium closed cup method

EN ISO 3679 as amended

Determination of flash point — Rapid equilibrium closed cup method

EN ISO 3679 as amended

Determination of flash point — Rapid equilibrium closed cup method

EN ISO 3680 as amended

Determination of flash/no flash — Rapid equilibrium closed cup method

EN ISO 3680 as amended

Determination of flash/no flash — Rapid equilibrium closed cup method

EN ISO 3680 as amended

Determination of flash/no flash — Rapid equilibrium closed cup method

EN ISO 13736 as amended

Petroleum products and other liquids — Determination of flash point — Abel closed cup method

EN ISO 13736 as amended

Petroleum products and other liquids — Determination of flash point — Abel closed cup method

EN ISO 13736 as amended

Petroleum products and other liquids — Determination of flash point — Abel closed cup method

National standards:

National standards:

National standards:

Association française de normalisation, AFNOR:

NF M07-036 as amended

Détermination du point d'éclair — Vase clos Abel-Pensky

(identical to DIN 51755)

Association française de normalisation, AFNOR:

Association française de normalisation, AFNOR:

NF M07-036 as amended

Détermination du point d'éclair — Vase clos Abel-Pensky

(identical to DIN 51755)

NF M07-036 as amended

Détermination du point d'éclair — Vase clos Abel-Pensky

(identical to DIN 51755)

▼M2 —————

▼M2 —————

▼M2 ————— ▼M2

▼B

▼B

▼B ▼B

Deutsches Institut für Normung

DIN 51755 (flash points below 65 C) as amended Prüfung von Mineralölen und anderen brennbaren Flüssigkeiten; Bestimmung des Flammpunktes im geschlossenen Tiegel, nach Abel-Pensky

(identical to NF M07-036)

Deutsches Institut für Normung

Deutsches Institut für Normung

DIN 51755 (flash points below 65 C) as amended Prüfung von Mineralölen und anderen brennbaren Flüssigkeiten; Bestimmung des Flammpunktes im geschlossenen Tiegel, nach Abel-Pensky

(identical to NF M07-036)

DIN 51755 (flash points below 65 C) as amended Prüfung von Mineralölen und anderen brennbaren Flüssigkeiten; Bestimmung des Flammpunktes im geschlossenen Tiegel, nach Abel-Pensky

(identical to NF M07-036)

▼M2 ▼M2

2.6.4.5 Liquids with a flash point of more than 35 °C and not more than 60 °C need not be classified in Category 3 if negative results have been obtained in the sustained combustibility test L.2, Part III, section 32 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria.

2.6.4.5 Liquids with a flash point of more than 35 °C and not more than 60 °C need not be classified in Category 3 if negative results have been obtained in the sustained combustibility test L.2, Part III, section 32 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria.  

▼M2 ▼M2

2.6.4.6. Possible test methods for determining the initial boiling point of flammable liquids are listed in Table 2.6.4.

2.6.4.6. Possible test methods for determining the initial boiling point of flammable liquids are listed in Table 2.6.4.  

Table 2.6.4

Methods for determining the initial boiling point of flammable liquids

European standards:

EN ISO 3405 as amended

Petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure

EN ISO 3924 as amended

Petroleum products — Determination of boiling range distribution — Gas chromatography method

EN ISO 4626 as amended

Volatile organic liquids — Determination of boiling range of organic solvents used as raw materials

Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 (1)

Method A.2 as described in Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 440/2008

(1)   

OJ L 142, 31.5.2008, p. 1.

Table 2.6.4

Methods for determining the initial boiling point of flammable liquids

European standards:

EN ISO 3405 as amended

Petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure

EN ISO 3924 as amended

Petroleum products — Determination of boiling range distribution — Gas chromatography method

EN ISO 4626 as amended

Volatile organic liquids — Determination of boiling range of organic solvents used as raw materials

Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 (1)

Method A.2 as described in Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 440/2008

(1)   

OJ L 142, 31.5.2008, p. 1.

European standards:

EN ISO 3405 as amended

Petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure

EN ISO 3924 as amended

Petroleum products — Determination of boiling range distribution — Gas chromatography method

EN ISO 4626 as amended

Volatile organic liquids — Determination of boiling range of organic solvents used as raw materials

Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 (1)

Method A.2 as described in Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 440/2008

(1)   

OJ L 142, 31.5.2008, p. 1.

European standards:

EN ISO 3405 as amended

Petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure

European standards:

European standards:

EN ISO 3405 as amended

Petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure

EN ISO 3405 as amended

Petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure

EN ISO 3924 as amended

Petroleum products — Determination of boiling range distribution — Gas chromatography method

EN ISO 3924 as amended

Petroleum products — Determination of boiling range distribution — Gas chromatography method

EN ISO 3924 as amended

Petroleum products — Determination of boiling range distribution — Gas chromatography method

EN ISO 4626 as amended

Volatile organic liquids — Determination of boiling range of organic solvents used as raw materials

EN ISO 4626 as amended

Volatile organic liquids — Determination of boiling range of organic solvents used as raw materials

EN ISO 4626 as amended

Volatile organic liquids — Determination of boiling range of organic solvents used as raw materials

Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 (1)

Method A.2 as described in Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 440/2008

Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 (1)

Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 (1) (1) 1

Method A.2 as described in Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 440/2008

Method A.2 as described in Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 440/2008

(1)   

OJ L 142, 31.5.2008, p. 1.

(1)   

OJ L 142, 31.5.2008, p. 1.

(1)   

OJ L 142, 31.5.2008, p. 1.

(1)    1

OJ L 142, 31.5.2008, p. 1.

▼B ▼B

2.7.   Flammable solids

Flammable solids

2.7.1.   Definition

Definition

2.7.1.1. A flammable solid means a solid which is readily combustible, or may cause or contribute to fire through friction.

2.7.1.1. A flammable solid means a solid which is readily combustible, or may cause or contribute to fire through friction.  

Readily combustible solids are powdered, granular, or pasty substances or mixtures which are dangerous if they can be easily ignited by brief contact with an ignition source, such as a burning match, and if the flame spreads rapidly.

2.7.2.   Classification criteria

Classification criteria

2.7.2.1. Powdered, granular or pasty substances or mixtures (except powders of metals or metal alloys — see 2.7.2.2) shall be classified as readily combustible solids when the time of burning of one or more of the test runs, performed in accordance with the test method described in Part III, sub-section 33.2.1, of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria, is less than 45 seconds or the rate of burning is more than 2,2  mm/s.

2.7.2.1. Powdered, granular or pasty substances or mixtures (except powders of metals or metal alloys — see 2.7.2.2) shall be classified as readily combustible solids when the time of burning of one or more of the test runs, performed in accordance with the test method described in Part III, sub-section 33.2.1, of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria, is less than 45 seconds or the rate of burning is more than 2,2  mm/s.   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

▼M19 ▼M19

2.7.2.2. Powders of metals or metal alloys shall be classified as flammable solids when they can be ignited and the reaction spreads over the whole length of the sample (100 mm) in 10 min or less.

2.7.2.2. Powders of metals or metal alloys shall be classified as flammable solids when they can be ignited and the reaction spreads over the whole length of the sample (100 mm) in 10 min or less.  

▼B ▼B

2.7.2.3. A flammable solid shall be classified in one of the two categories for this class using Method N.1 as described in 33.2.1 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria in accordance with Table 2.7.1:

2.7.2.3. A flammable solid shall be classified in one of the two categories for this class using Method N.1 as described in 33.2.1 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria in accordance with Table 2.7.1:   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

Table 2.7.1

Criteria for flammable solids

Category

Criteria

1

Burning rate test

Substances and mixtures other than metal powders:

(a)  wetted zone does not stop fire and

(b)  burning time < 45 seconds or burning rate > 2,2  mm/s

Metal powders

burning time ≤ 5 minutes

2

Burning rate test

Substances and mixtures other than metal powders:

(a)  wetted zone stops the fire for at least 4 minutes and

(b)  burning time < 45 seconds or burning rate > 2,2  mm/s

Metal powders

burning time > 5 minutes and ≤ 10 minutes

Table 2.7.1

Criteria for flammable solids

Category

Criteria

1

Burning rate test

Substances and mixtures other than metal powders:

(a)  wetted zone does not stop fire and

(b)  burning time < 45 seconds or burning rate > 2,2  mm/s

Metal powders

burning time ≤ 5 minutes

2

Burning rate test

Substances and mixtures other than metal powders:

(a)  wetted zone stops the fire for at least 4 minutes and

(b)  burning time < 45 seconds or burning rate > 2,2  mm/s

Metal powders

burning time > 5 minutes and ≤ 10 minutes

Category

Criteria

1

Burning rate test

Substances and mixtures other than metal powders:

(a)  wetted zone does not stop fire and

(b)  burning time < 45 seconds or burning rate > 2,2  mm/s

Metal powders

burning time ≤ 5 minutes

2

Burning rate test

Substances and mixtures other than metal powders:

(a)  wetted zone stops the fire for at least 4 minutes and

(b)  burning time < 45 seconds or burning rate > 2,2  mm/s

Metal powders

burning time > 5 minutes and ≤ 10 minutes

Category

Criteria

Category

Category

Criteria

Criteria

1

Burning rate test

Substances and mixtures other than metal powders:

(a)  wetted zone does not stop fire and

(b)  burning time < 45 seconds or burning rate > 2,2  mm/s

Metal powders

burning time ≤ 5 minutes

1

1

Burning rate test

Substances and mixtures other than metal powders:

(a)  wetted zone does not stop fire and

(b)  burning time < 45 seconds or burning rate > 2,2  mm/s

Metal powders

burning time ≤ 5 minutes

Burning rate test

Substances and mixtures other than metal powders:

(a)  wetted zone does not stop fire and

(b)  burning time < 45 seconds or burning rate > 2,2  mm/s

Metal powders

burning time ≤ 5 minutes

2

Burning rate test

Substances and mixtures other than metal powders:

(a)  wetted zone stops the fire for at least 4 minutes and

(b)  burning time < 45 seconds or burning rate > 2,2  mm/s

Metal powders

burning time > 5 minutes and ≤ 10 minutes

2

2

Burning rate test

Substances and mixtures other than metal powders:

(a)  wetted zone stops the fire for at least 4 minutes and

(b)  burning time < 45 seconds or burning rate > 2,2  mm/s

Metal powders

burning time > 5 minutes and ≤ 10 minutes

Burning rate test

Substances and mixtures other than metal powders:

(a)  wetted zone stops the fire for at least 4 minutes and

(b)  burning time < 45 seconds or burning rate > 2,2  mm/s

Metal powders

burning time > 5 minutes and ≤ 10 minutes

▼M2 ▼M2

Note 1:

The test shall be performed on the substance or mixture in its physical form as presented. If, for example, for the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a classification test, the substance shall also be tested in the new form.

Note 2:

Aerosols shall not be classified as flammable solids; see section 2.3.

▼B ▼B

2.7.3.   Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.7.2.

Table 2.7.2

Label elements for flammable solids

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

GHS Pictograms

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H228: Flammable Solid

H228: Flammable Solid

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P210

P240

P241

P280

P210

P240

P241

P280

Precautionary Statement

Response

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement

Storage

 

 

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

 

Table 2.7.2

Label elements for flammable solids

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

GHS Pictograms

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H228: Flammable Solid

H228: Flammable Solid

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P210

P240

P241

P280

P210

P240

P241

P280

Precautionary Statement

Response

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement

Storage

 

 

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

 

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

GHS Pictograms

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H228: Flammable Solid

H228: Flammable Solid

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P210

P240

P241

P280

P210

P240

P241

P280

Precautionary Statement

Response

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement

Storage

 

 

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

 

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Classification

Classification

Category 1

Category 1

Category 2

Category 2

GHS Pictograms

image

image

GHS Pictograms

GHS Pictograms

image

image image

image

image image

Signal Word

Danger

Warning

Signal Word

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H228: Flammable Solid

H228: Flammable Solid

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H228: Flammable Solid

H228: Flammable Solid

H228: Flammable Solid

H228: Flammable Solid

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P210

P240

P241

P280

P210

P240

P241

P280

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P210

P240

P241

P280

P210

P240

P241

P280

P210

P240

P241

P280

P210

P240

P241

P280

Precautionary Statement

Response

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement

Response

Precautionary Statement

Response

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement

Storage

 

 

Precautionary Statement

Storage

Precautionary Statement

Storage

 

 

 

 

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

 

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

 

 

 

2.8.   Self-reactive substances and mixtures

Self-reactive substances and mixtures

2.8.1.   Definition

Definition

2.8.1.1. Self-reactive substances or mixtures are thermally unstable liquid or solid substances or mixtures liable to undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition even without participation of oxygen (air). This definition excludes substances and mixtures classified according to this Part as explosives, organic peroxides or as oxidising.

2.8.1.1. Self-reactive substances or mixtures are thermally unstable liquid or solid substances or mixtures liable to undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition even without participation of oxygen (air). This definition excludes substances and mixtures classified according to this Part as explosives, organic peroxides or as oxidising.  

2.8.1.2. A self-reactive substance or mixture is regarded as possessing explosive properties when in laboratory testing the formulation is liable to detonate, to deflagrate rapidly or to show a violent effect when heated under confinement.

2.8.1.2. A self-reactive substance or mixture is regarded as possessing explosive properties when in laboratory testing the formulation is liable to detonate, to deflagrate rapidly or to show a violent effect when heated under confinement.  

2.8.2.   Classification criteria

Classification criteria

2.8.2.1. Any self-reactive substance or mixture shall be considered for classification in this class as a self-reactive substance or mixture unless:

2.8.2.1. Any self-reactive substance or mixture shall be considered for classification in this class as a self-reactive substance or mixture unless:  

(a) 

they are explosives, according to the criteria given in 2.1;

(a) 
(a) 

they are explosives, according to the criteria given in 2.1;

they are explosives, according to the criteria given in 2.1;

(b) 

they are oxidising liquids or solids, according to the criteria given in 2.13 or 2.14, except that mixtures of oxidising substances, which contain 5 % or more of combustible organic substances shall be classified as self-reactive substances according to the procedure defined in 2.8.2.2;

(b) 
(b) 

they are oxidising liquids or solids, according to the criteria given in 2.13 or 2.14, except that mixtures of oxidising substances, which contain 5 % or more of combustible organic substances shall be classified as self-reactive substances according to the procedure defined in 2.8.2.2;

they are oxidising liquids or solids, according to the criteria given in 2.13 or 2.14, except that mixtures of oxidising substances, which contain 5 % or more of combustible organic substances shall be classified as self-reactive substances according to the procedure defined in 2.8.2.2;

(c) 

they are organic peroxides, according to the criteria given in 2.15;

(c) 
(c) 

they are organic peroxides, according to the criteria given in 2.15;

they are organic peroxides, according to the criteria given in 2.15;

(d) 

their heat of decomposition is less than 300 J/g; or

(d) 
(d) 

their heat of decomposition is less than 300 J/g; or

their heat of decomposition is less than 300 J/g; or

(e) 

their self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) is greater than 75 oC for a 50 kg package ( 11 ).

(e) 
(e) 

their self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) is greater than 75 oC for a 50 kg package ( 11 ).

their self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) is greater than 75 oC for a 50 kg package ( 11 ). o 11 11

2.8.2.2. Mixtures of oxidising substances, meeting the criteria for classification as oxidising substances, which contain 5 % or more of combustible organic substances and which do not meet the criteria mentioned in (a), (c), (d) or (e) in 2.8.2.1, shall be subjected to the self-reactive substances classification procedure;

2.8.2.2. Mixtures of oxidising substances, meeting the criteria for classification as oxidising substances, which contain 5 % or more of combustible organic substances and which do not meet the criteria mentioned in (a), (c), (d) or (e) in 2.8.2.1, shall be subjected to the self-reactive substances classification procedure;  

Such a mixture showing the properties of a self-reactive substance type B to F (see 2.8.2.3) shall be classified as a self-reactive substance.

Where the test is conducted in the package form and the packaging is changed, a further test shall be conducted where it is considered that the change in packaging will affect the outcome of the test.

2.8.2.3. Self-reactive substances and mixtures shall be classified in one of the seven categories of ‘types A to G’ for this class, according to the following principles:

2.8.2.3. Self-reactive substances and mixtures shall be classified in one of the seven categories of ‘types A to G’ for this class, according to the following principles:  

(a) 

any self-reactive substance or mixture which can detonate or deflagrate rapidly, as packaged, shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE A;

(a) 
(a) 

any self-reactive substance or mixture which can detonate or deflagrate rapidly, as packaged, shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE A;

any self-reactive substance or mixture which can detonate or deflagrate rapidly, as packaged, shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE A;

(b) 

any self-reactive substance or mixture possessing explosive properties and which, as packaged, neither detonates nor deflagrates rapidly, but is liable to undergo a thermal explosion in that package shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE B;

(b) 
(b) 

any self-reactive substance or mixture possessing explosive properties and which, as packaged, neither detonates nor deflagrates rapidly, but is liable to undergo a thermal explosion in that package shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE B;

any self-reactive substance or mixture possessing explosive properties and which, as packaged, neither detonates nor deflagrates rapidly, but is liable to undergo a thermal explosion in that package shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE B;

(c) 

any self-reactive substance or mixture possessing explosive properties when the substance or mixture as packaged cannot detonate or deflagrate rapidly or undergo a thermal explosion shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE C;

(c) 
(c) 

any self-reactive substance or mixture possessing explosive properties when the substance or mixture as packaged cannot detonate or deflagrate rapidly or undergo a thermal explosion shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE C;

any self-reactive substance or mixture possessing explosive properties when the substance or mixture as packaged cannot detonate or deflagrate rapidly or undergo a thermal explosion shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE C;

(d) 

any self-reactive substance or mixture which in laboratory testing:

(i) 

detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(ii) 

does not detonate at all, deflagrates slowly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(iii) 

does not detonate or deflagrate at all and shows a medium effect when heated under confinement;

shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE D;

(d) 
(d) 

any self-reactive substance or mixture which in laboratory testing:

(i) 

detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(ii) 

does not detonate at all, deflagrates slowly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(iii) 

does not detonate or deflagrate at all and shows a medium effect when heated under confinement;

shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE D;

any self-reactive substance or mixture which in laboratory testing:

(i) 

detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(i) 
(i) 

detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(ii) 

does not detonate at all, deflagrates slowly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(ii) 
(ii) 

does not detonate at all, deflagrates slowly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

does not detonate at all, deflagrates slowly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(iii) 

does not detonate or deflagrate at all and shows a medium effect when heated under confinement;

(iii) 
(iii) 

does not detonate or deflagrate at all and shows a medium effect when heated under confinement;

does not detonate or deflagrate at all and shows a medium effect when heated under confinement;

shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE D;

(e) 

any self-reactive substance or mixture which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates nor deflagrates at all and shows low or no effect when heated under confinement shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE E;

(e) 
(e) 

any self-reactive substance or mixture which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates nor deflagrates at all and shows low or no effect when heated under confinement shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE E;

any self-reactive substance or mixture which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates nor deflagrates at all and shows low or no effect when heated under confinement shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE E;

(f) 

any self-reactive substance or mixture which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows only a low or no effect when heated under confinement as well as low or no explosive power shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE F;

(f) 
(f) 

any self-reactive substance or mixture which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows only a low or no effect when heated under confinement as well as low or no explosive power shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE F;

any self-reactive substance or mixture which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows only a low or no effect when heated under confinement as well as low or no explosive power shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE F;

(g) 

any self-reactive substance or mixture which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows no effect when heated under confinement nor any explosive power, provided that it is thermally stable (SADT is 60 oC to 75 oC for a 50 kg package), and, for liquid mixtures, a diluent having a boiling point not less than 150 oC is used for desensitisation shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE G. If the mixture is not thermally stable or a diluent having a boiling point less than 150 oC is used for desensitisation, the mixture shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE F.

(g) 
(g) 

any self-reactive substance or mixture which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows no effect when heated under confinement nor any explosive power, provided that it is thermally stable (SADT is 60 oC to 75 oC for a 50 kg package), and, for liquid mixtures, a diluent having a boiling point not less than 150 oC is used for desensitisation shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE G. If the mixture is not thermally stable or a diluent having a boiling point less than 150 oC is used for desensitisation, the mixture shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE F.

any self-reactive substance or mixture which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows no effect when heated under confinement nor any explosive power, provided that it is thermally stable (SADT is 60 oC to 75 oC for a 50 kg package), and, for liquid mixtures, a diluent having a boiling point not less than 150 oC is used for desensitisation shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE G. If the mixture is not thermally stable or a diluent having a boiling point less than 150 oC is used for desensitisation, the mixture shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE F. o o o o

Where the test is conducted in the package form and the packaging is changed, a further test shall be conducted where it is considered that the change in packaging will affect the outcome of the test.

2.8.2.4.   Criteria for temperature control Criteria for temperature control

Self-reactive substances need to be subjected to temperature control if their SADT is less than or equal to 55 oC. Test methods for determining the SADT as well as the derivation of control and emergency temperatures are given in, Part II, section 28 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria. The test selected shall be conducted in a manner which is representative, both in size and material, of the package. o ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

2.8.3.   Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.8.1.

▼M12 ▼M12

Table 2.8.1

Label elements for self-reactive substances and mixtures

Classification

Type A

Type B

Type C & D

Type E & F

Type G (1)

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H240: Heating may cause an explosion

H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion

H242: Heating may cause a fire

H242: Heating may cause a fire

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375 [+ P378] (2)

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

 

(1)   

Type G has no hazard communication elements assigned but should be considered for properties belonging to other hazard classes.

(2)   

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

Table 2.8.1 Table 2.8.1

Label elements for self-reactive substances and mixtures Label elements for self-reactive substances and mixtures

Classification

Type A

Type B

Type C & D

Type E & F

Type G (1)

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H240: Heating may cause an explosion

H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion

H242: Heating may cause a fire

H242: Heating may cause a fire

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375 [+ P378] (2)

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

 

(1)   

Type G has no hazard communication elements assigned but should be considered for properties belonging to other hazard classes.

(2)   

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

Classification

Type A

Type B

Type C & D

Type E & F

Type G (1)

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H240: Heating may cause an explosion

H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion

H242: Heating may cause a fire

H242: Heating may cause a fire

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375 [+ P378] (2)

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

 

(1)   

Type G has no hazard communication elements assigned but should be considered for properties belonging to other hazard classes.

(2)   

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

Classification

Type A

Type B

Type C & D

Type E & F

Type G (1)

Classification

Classification

Type A

Type A

Type B

Type B

Type C & D

Type C & D

Type E & F

Type E & F

Type G (1)

Type G (1) (1) 1

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category

GHS Pictograms

GHS Pictograms

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category

There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Signal Word

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H240: Heating may cause an explosion

H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion

H242: Heating may cause a fire

H242: Heating may cause a fire

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H240: Heating may cause an explosion

H240: Heating may cause an explosion

H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion

H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion

H242: Heating may cause a fire

H242: Heating may cause a fire

H242: Heating may cause a fire

H242: Heating may cause a fire

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

Precautionary Statement Prevention

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375 [+ P378] (2)

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

 

Precautionary Statement Response

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375 [+ P378] (2)

P370 + P380 + P375 [+ P378] (2) (2) 2

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

 

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

P403

P411

P420

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

 

 

(1)   

Type G has no hazard communication elements assigned but should be considered for properties belonging to other hazard classes.

(2)   

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

(1)   

Type G has no hazard communication elements assigned but should be considered for properties belonging to other hazard classes.

(2)   

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

(1)   

Type G has no hazard communication elements assigned but should be considered for properties belonging to other hazard classes.

(1)    1

Type G has no hazard communication elements assigned but should be considered for properties belonging to other hazard classes.

(2)   

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

(2)    2

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

▼B ▼B

Type G has no hazard communication elements assigned but shall be considered for properties belonging to other hazard classes.

2.8.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations

2.8.4.1. The properties of self-reactive substances or mixtures which are decisive for their classification shall be determined experimentally. The classification of a self reactive substance or mixture shall be performed in accordance with test series A to H as described in Part II of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria. The procedure for classification is described in Figure 2.8.1.

2.8.4.1. The properties of self-reactive substances or mixtures which are decisive for their classification shall be determined experimentally. The classification of a self reactive substance or mixture shall be performed in accordance with test series A to H as described in Part II of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria. The procedure for classification is described in Figure 2.8.1.   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

2.8.4.2. The classification procedures for self-reactive substances and mixtures need not be applied if:

2.8.4.2. The classification procedures for self-reactive substances and mixtures need not be applied if:  

(a) 

There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self reactive properties. Examples of such groups are given in Tables A6.1 and A6.2 in Appendix 6 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria; or

(a) 
(a) 

There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self reactive properties. Examples of such groups are given in Tables A6.1 and A6.2 in Appendix 6 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria; or

There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self reactive properties. Examples of such groups are given in Tables A6.1 and A6.2 in Appendix 6 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria; or ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

(b) 

For a single organic substance or a homogeneous mixture of organic substances, the estimated SADT for a 50 kg package is greater than 75 oC or the exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300J/g. The onset temperature and decomposition energy can be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see Part II, sub-section 20.3.3.3 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria).

(b) 
(b) 

For a single organic substance or a homogeneous mixture of organic substances, the estimated SADT for a 50 kg package is greater than 75 oC or the exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300J/g. The onset temperature and decomposition energy can be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see Part II, sub-section 20.3.3.3 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria).

For a single organic substance or a homogeneous mixture of organic substances, the estimated SADT for a 50 kg package is greater than 75 oC or the exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300J/g. The onset temperature and decomposition energy can be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see Part II, sub-section 20.3.3.3 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria). o ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

▼M12 ▼M12

Figure 2.8.1 Figure 2.8.1

Self-reactive substances and mixtures Self-reactive substances and mixtures image

Text of image Text of image

Type B

Type A

Type G

Type F

Type E

Type D

Type C

6.1 Yes

7.1 Violent

Box 10 Test G

10.2 No

7.2 Medium

7.3 Low

7.4 None

8.1 Violent

8.2 Medium

8.3 Low

8.4 None

9.1 Violent

9.2 Medium

16.2 No

16.1 Yes

Is a diluent with a boiling point of < 150 °C used?

Box 16

15.2 No

15.1 Yes

Is the substance a solid?

Box 14 Test H

14.1 Yes

13.1 Low

12.2 Low

What is the effect of heating it under defined confine- ment?

Box 13 Test E

12.1 Not low

12.3 None

Box 12 Test F

5.2 Yes, slowly

11.1 Yes

Packaged in packages of more than 400 kg/450 l or to be considered for exemption?

What is the effect of heating it under defined confinement?

9.3 Low

9.4 None

Box 9 Test E

Box 8 Test E

What is the effect of heating it under defined confinement?

What is the effect of heating it under defined confinement?

Box 7 Test E

6.2 No

Does it deflagrate rapidly in package?

Box 6 Test D

5.1 Yes rapidly

Box 5 Test C

Can it propagate a defla-gration?

3.2 Yes, slowly

3.3 No

4.2 Yes, slowly

4.3 No

Can it propagate a defla-gration?

Box 4 Test C

4.1 Yes, rapidly

Box 2 Test B

Box 3 Test C

Can it propagate a defla-gration?

Does it propagate a deto-nation?

10.1 Yes

11.2 No

13.2 None

14.2 No

Box 15

Box 11

Box 1 Test A

5.3 No

1.2 Partial

1.3 No

3.1 Yes, rapidly

2.2 No

2.1 Yes

1.1 Yes

Is the SADT <60°C in a 50 kg package?

What is its explosive power?

Can it explode as packaged?

Can it detonate as packaged?

SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE

▼B ▼B

2.9.   Pyrophoric liquids

Pyrophoric liquids

2.9.1.   Definition

Definition

Pyrophoric liquid means a liquid substance or mixture which, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes after coming into contact with air.

2.9.2.   Classification criteria

Classification criteria

2.9.2.1. A pyrophoric liquid shall be classified in a single category for this class using test N.3 in Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.5 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria according to Table 2.9.1:

2.9.2.1. A pyrophoric liquid shall be classified in a single category for this class using test N.3 in Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.5 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria according to Table 2.9.1:   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

Table 2.9.1

Criteria for pyrophoric liquids

Category

Criteria

1

The liquid ignites within 5 min when added to an inert carrier and exposed to air, or it ignites or chars a filter paper on contact with air within 5 min.

Table 2.9.1

Criteria for pyrophoric liquids

Category

Criteria

1

The liquid ignites within 5 min when added to an inert carrier and exposed to air, or it ignites or chars a filter paper on contact with air within 5 min.

Category

Criteria

1

The liquid ignites within 5 min when added to an inert carrier and exposed to air, or it ignites or chars a filter paper on contact with air within 5 min.

Category

Criteria

Category

Category

Criteria

Criteria

1

The liquid ignites within 5 min when added to an inert carrier and exposed to air, or it ignites or chars a filter paper on contact with air within 5 min.

1

1

The liquid ignites within 5 min when added to an inert carrier and exposed to air, or it ignites or chars a filter paper on contact with air within 5 min.

The liquid ignites within 5 min when added to an inert carrier and exposed to air, or it ignites or chars a filter paper on contact with air within 5 min.

2.9.3.   Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.9.2.

▼M12 ▼M12

Table 2.9.2

Label elements for pyrophoric liquids

Classification

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statement

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P222

P231 + P232

P233

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P334

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

Table 2.9.2 Table 2.9.2

Label elements for pyrophoric liquids Label elements for pyrophoric liquids

Classification

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statement

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P222

P231 + P232

P233

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P334

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

Classification

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statement

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P222

P231 + P232

P233

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P334

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

Classification

Category 1

Classification

Classification

Category 1

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

GHS Pictogram

GHS Pictogram

image

image image

Signal Word

Danger

Signal Word

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Hazard Statement

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P222

P231 + P232

P233

P280

Precautionary Statement Prevention

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P222

P231 + P232

P233

P280

P210

P222

P231 + P232

P233

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P334

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Response

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P334

P370 + P378

P302 + P334

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

Precautionary Statement Storage

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

▼B ▼B

2.9.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations

2.9.4.1. The classification procedure for pyrophoric liquids need not be applied when experience in manufacture or handling shows that the substance or mixture does not ignite spontaneously on coming into contact with air at normal temperatures (i.e. the substance is known to be stable at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days)).

2.9.4.1. The classification procedure for pyrophoric liquids need not be applied when experience in manufacture or handling shows that the substance or mixture does not ignite spontaneously on coming into contact with air at normal temperatures (i.e. the substance is known to be stable at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days)).  

2.10.   Pyrophoric solids

Pyrophoric solids

2.10.1.   Definition

Definition

Pyrophoric solid means a solid substance or mixture which, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes after coming into contact with air.

2.10.2.   Classification criteria

Classification criteria

2.10.2.1. A pyrophoric solid shall be classified in a single category for this class using test N.2 in Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.4 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria in accordance with Table 2.10.1:

2.10.2.1. A pyrophoric solid shall be classified in a single category for this class using test N.2 in Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.4 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria in accordance with Table 2.10.1:   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

Table 2.10.1

Criteria for pyrophoric solids

Category

Criteria

1

The solid ignites within 5 minutes of coming into contact with air.

Table 2.10.1

Criteria for pyrophoric solids

Category

Criteria

1

The solid ignites within 5 minutes of coming into contact with air.

Category

Criteria

1

The solid ignites within 5 minutes of coming into contact with air.

Category

Criteria

Category

Category

Criteria

Criteria

1

The solid ignites within 5 minutes of coming into contact with air.

1

1

The solid ignites within 5 minutes of coming into contact with air.

The solid ignites within 5 minutes of coming into contact with air.

Note

The test shall be performed on the substance or mixture in its physical form as presented. If, for example, for the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a classification test, the substance shall also be tested in the new form.

2.10.3.   Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.10.2.

▼M12 ▼M12

Table 2.10.2

Label elements for pyrophoric solids

Classification

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statement

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P222

P231 + P232

P233

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 +P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

Table 2.10.2 Table 2.10.2

Label elements for pyrophoric solids Label elements for pyrophoric solids

Classification

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statement

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P222

P231 + P232

P233

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 +P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

Classification

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statement

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P222

P231 + P232

P233

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 +P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

Classification

Category 1

Classification

Classification

Category 1

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

GHS Pictogram

GHS Pictogram

image

image image

Signal Word

Danger

Signal Word

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Hazard Statement

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P222

P231 + P232

P233

P280

Precautionary Statement Prevention

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P222

P231 + P232

P233

P280

P210

P222

P231 + P232

P233

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 +P378

Precautionary Statement Response

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 +P378

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 +P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

Precautionary Statement Storage

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

▼B ▼B

2.10.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations

2.10.4.1. The classification procedure for pyrophoric solids need not be applied when experience in manufacture or handling shows that the substance or mixture does not ignite spontaneously on coming into contact with air at normal temperatures (i.e. the substance is known to be stable at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days)).

2.10.4.1. The classification procedure for pyrophoric solids need not be applied when experience in manufacture or handling shows that the substance or mixture does not ignite spontaneously on coming into contact with air at normal temperatures (i.e. the substance is known to be stable at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days)).  

2.11.   Self-heating substances and mixtures

Self-heating substances and mixtures

2.11.1.   Definition

Definition

2.11.1.1. A self-heating substance or mixture is a liquid or solid substance or mixture, other than a pyrophoric liquid or solid, which, by reaction with air and without energy supply, is liable to self-heat; this substance or mixture differs from a pyrophoric liquid or solid in that it will ignite only when in large amounts (kilograms) and after long periods of time (hours or days).

2.11.1.1. A self-heating substance or mixture is a liquid or solid substance or mixture, other than a pyrophoric liquid or solid, which, by reaction with air and without energy supply, is liable to self-heat; this substance or mixture differs from a pyrophoric liquid or solid in that it will ignite only when in large amounts (kilograms) and after long periods of time (hours or days).  

▼M2 ▼M2

2.11.1.2. Self-heating of a substance or a mixture is a process where the gradual reaction of that substance or mixture with oxygen (in the air) generates heat. If the rate of heat production exceeds the rate of heat loss, then the temperature of the substance or mixture will rise which, after an induction time, may lead to self-ignition and combustion.

2.11.1.2. Self-heating of a substance or a mixture is a process where the gradual reaction of that substance or mixture with oxygen (in the air) generates heat. If the rate of heat production exceeds the rate of heat loss, then the temperature of the substance or mixture will rise which, after an induction time, may lead to self-ignition and combustion.  

▼B ▼B

2.11.2.   Classification criteria

Classification criteria

2.11.2.1. A substance or mixture shall be classified as a self-heating substance or mixture of this class, if in the tests performed in accordance with the test method given in the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.6:

2.11.2.1. A substance or mixture shall be classified as a self-heating substance or mixture of this class, if in the tests performed in accordance with the test method given in the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.6:   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

(a) 

a positive result is obtained using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC;

(a) 
(a) 

a positive result is obtained using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC;

a positive result is obtained using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC; o

(b) 

a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 120 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 3 m3;

(b) 
(b) 

a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 120 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 3 m3;

a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 120 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 3 m3; o o 3

(c) 

a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 450 litres;

(c) 
(c) 

a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 450 litres;

a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 450 litres; o o

(d) 

a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 oC.

(d) 
(d) 

a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 oC.

a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 oC. o o

2.11.2.2. A self-heating substance or mixture shall be classified in one of the two categories for this class if, in a test performed in accordance with test method N.4 in Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.6 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria, the result meets the criteria according to Table 2.11.1:

2.11.2.2. A self-heating substance or mixture shall be classified in one of the two categories for this class if, in a test performed in accordance with test method N.4 in Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.6 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria, the result meets the criteria according to Table 2.11.1:   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

Table 2.11.1

Criteria for self-heating substances and mixtures

Category

Criteria

1

A positive result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm sample cube at 140 oC

2

(a)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 3 m3; or

(b)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC, a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 120 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 450 litres; or

(c)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC and a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 oC.

Table 2.11.1

Criteria for self-heating substances and mixtures

Category

Criteria

1

A positive result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm sample cube at 140 oC

2

(a)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 3 m3; or

(b)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC, a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 120 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 450 litres; or

(c)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC and a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 oC.

Category

Criteria

1

A positive result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm sample cube at 140 oC

2

(a)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 3 m3; or

(b)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC, a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 120 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 450 litres; or

(c)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC and a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 oC.

Category

Criteria

Category

Category

Criteria

Criteria

1

A positive result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm sample cube at 140 oC

1

1

A positive result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm sample cube at 140 oC

A positive result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm sample cube at 140 oC o

2

(a)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 3 m3; or

(b)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC, a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 120 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 450 litres; or

(c)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC and a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 oC.

2

2

(a)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 3 m3; or

(b)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC, a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 120 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 450 litres; or

(c)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC and a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 oC.

(a)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 3 m3; or o o 3

(b)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC, a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 120 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 450 litres; or o o o

(c)  a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC and a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 oC. o o o

Note

The test shall be performed on the substance or mixture in its physical form as presented. If, for example, for the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a classification test, the substance shall also be tested in the new form.

2.11.2.3. Substances and mixtures with a temperature of spontaneous combustion higher than 50 oC for a volume of 27 m3 shall not be classified as a self-heating substance or mixture.

2.11.2.3. Substances and mixtures with a temperature of spontaneous combustion higher than 50 oC for a volume of 27 m3 shall not be classified as a self-heating substance or mixture.   o 3

2.11.2.4. Substances and mixtures with a spontaneous ignition temperature higher than 50 oC for a volume of 450 litres shall not be assigned to Category 1 of this class.

2.11.2.4. Substances and mixtures with a spontaneous ignition temperature higher than 50 oC for a volume of 450 litres shall not be assigned to Category 1 of this class.   o

2.11.3.   Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.11.2.

▼M12 ▼M12

Table 2.11.2

Label elements for self-heating substances and mixtures

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

GHS Pictograms

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H251: Self-heating; may catch fire

H252: Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P235

P280

P235

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P407

P413

P420

P407

P413

P420

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

Table 2.11.2 Table 2.11.2

Label elements for self-heating substances and mixtures Label elements for self-heating substances and mixtures

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

GHS Pictograms

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H251: Self-heating; may catch fire

H252: Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P235

P280

P235

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P407

P413

P420

P407

P413

P420

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

GHS Pictograms

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H251: Self-heating; may catch fire

H252: Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P235

P280

P235

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P407

P413

P420

P407

P413

P420

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Classification

Classification

Category 1

Category 1

Category 2

Category 2

GHS Pictograms

image

image

GHS Pictograms

GHS Pictograms

image

image image

image

image image

Signal Word

Danger

Warning

Signal Word

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H251: Self-heating; may catch fire

H252: Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H251: Self-heating; may catch fire

H251: Self-heating; may catch fire

H252: Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire

H252: Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P235

P280

P235

P280

Precautionary Statement Prevention

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P235

P280

P235

P280

P235

P280

P235

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

Precautionary Statement Response

Precautionary Statement Response

 

 

 

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P407

P413

P420

P407

P413

P420

Precautionary Statement Storage

Precautionary Statement Storage

P407

P413

P420

P407

P413

P420

P407

P413

P420

P407

P413

P420

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

Precautionary Statement Disposal

 

 

 

 

▼B ▼B

2.11.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations

2.11.4.1. For detailed schemes for the decision logic for classification and the tests to be carried out for ascertaining the different categories, see Figure 2.11.1.

2.11.4.1. For detailed schemes for the decision logic for classification and the tests to be carried out for ascertaining the different categories, see Figure 2.11.1.  

2.11.4.2. The classification procedure for self-heating substances or mixtures need not be applied if the results of a screening test can be adequately correlated with the classification test and an appropriate safety margin is applied. Examples of screening tests are:

2.11.4.2. The classification procedure for self-heating substances or mixtures need not be applied if the results of a screening test can be adequately correlated with the classification test and an appropriate safety margin is applied. Examples of screening tests are:  

(a) 

The Grewer Oven test (VDI guideline 2263, Part 1, 1990, Test methods for the Determination of the Safety Characteristics of Dusts) with an onset temperature 80 K above the reference temperature for a volume of 1 l;

(a) 
(a) 

The Grewer Oven test (VDI guideline 2263, Part 1, 1990, Test methods for the Determination of the Safety Characteristics of Dusts) with an onset temperature 80 K above the reference temperature for a volume of 1 l;

The Grewer Oven test (VDI guideline 2263, Part 1, 1990, Test methods for the Determination of the Safety Characteristics of Dusts) with an onset temperature 80 K above the reference temperature for a volume of 1 l;

(b) 

The Bulk Powder Screening Test (Gibson, N. Harper, D.J. Rogers, R.Evaluation of the fire and explosion risks in drying powders, Plant Operations Progress, 4 (3), 181-189, 1985) with an onset temperature 60 K above the reference temperature for a volume of 1 l.

(b) 
(b) 

The Bulk Powder Screening Test (Gibson, N. Harper, D.J. Rogers, R.Evaluation of the fire and explosion risks in drying powders, Plant Operations Progress, 4 (3), 181-189, 1985) with an onset temperature 60 K above the reference temperature for a volume of 1 l.

The Bulk Powder Screening Test (Gibson, N. Harper, D.J. Rogers, R.Evaluation of the fire and explosion risks in drying powders, Plant Operations Progress, 4 (3), 181-189, 1985) with an onset temperature 60 K above the reference temperature for a volume of 1 l.

Figure 2.11.1.

Self-heating substances and mixtures image

Text of image Text of image

SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE

Does it undergo dangerous self-heating when tested in a 100 mm sample cube at 140°C?

NO

NOT CLASSIFIED

YES

Does it undergo dangerous self-heating when tested in a 25 mm sample cube at 140°C?

YES

Category 1

Danger

NO

Is it packaged in more than 3 m3? 3

YES

Category 2

Warning

NO

Does it undergo dangerous self-heating when tested in a 100 mm sample cube at 120°C?

NO

NOT CLASSIFIED

YES

Is it packaged in more than 450 litres volume?

YES

Category 2

Warning

NO

Does it undergo dangerous self-heating when tested in a 100 mm sample cube at 100°C?

YES

Category 2

Warning

NO

NOT CLASSIFIED

2.12.   Substances and mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases

Substances and mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases

2.12.1.   Definition

Definition

Substances or mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases means solid or liquid substances or mixtures which, by interaction with water, are liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable gases in dangerous quantities.

2.12.2.   Classification criteria

Classification criteria

2.12.2.1. A substance or mixture which, in contact with water, emits flammable gases shall be classified in one of the three categories for this class, using test N.5 in Part III, sub-section 33.4.1.4 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria, in accordance with Table 2.12.1:

2.12.2.1. A substance or mixture which, in contact with water, emits flammable gases shall be classified in one of the three categories for this class, using test N.5 in Part III, sub-section 33.4.1.4 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria, in accordance with Table 2.12.1:   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

▼M19 ▼M19

Table 2.12.1

Criteria for substances and mixtures, which in contact with water, emit flammable gases

Category

Criteria

1

Any substance or mixture which reacts vigorously with water at ambient temperatures and demonstrates generally a tendency for the gas produced to ignite spontaneously, or which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 10 litres per kilogram of substance over any one minute.

2

Any substance or mixture which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 20 litres per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Category 1.

3

Any substance or mixture which reacts slowly with water at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is greater than 1 litre per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Categories 1 and 2.

Table 2.12.1 Table 2.12.1

Criteria for substances and mixtures, which in contact with water, emit flammable gases Criteria for substances and mixtures, which in contact with water, emit flammable gases

Category

Criteria

1

Any substance or mixture which reacts vigorously with water at ambient temperatures and demonstrates generally a tendency for the gas produced to ignite spontaneously, or which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 10 litres per kilogram of substance over any one minute.

2

Any substance or mixture which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 20 litres per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Category 1.

3

Any substance or mixture which reacts slowly with water at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is greater than 1 litre per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Categories 1 and 2.

Category

Criteria

1

Any substance or mixture which reacts vigorously with water at ambient temperatures and demonstrates generally a tendency for the gas produced to ignite spontaneously, or which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 10 litres per kilogram of substance over any one minute.

2

Any substance or mixture which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 20 litres per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Category 1.

3

Any substance or mixture which reacts slowly with water at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is greater than 1 litre per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Categories 1 and 2.

Category

Criteria

Category

Category

Criteria

Criteria

1

Any substance or mixture which reacts vigorously with water at ambient temperatures and demonstrates generally a tendency for the gas produced to ignite spontaneously, or which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 10 litres per kilogram of substance over any one minute.

1

1

Any substance or mixture which reacts vigorously with water at ambient temperatures and demonstrates generally a tendency for the gas produced to ignite spontaneously, or which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 10 litres per kilogram of substance over any one minute.

Any substance or mixture which reacts vigorously with water at ambient temperatures and demonstrates generally a tendency for the gas produced to ignite spontaneously, or which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 10 litres per kilogram of substance over any one minute.

2

Any substance or mixture which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 20 litres per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Category 1.

2

2

Any substance or mixture which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 20 litres per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Category 1.

Any substance or mixture which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 20 litres per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Category 1.

3

Any substance or mixture which reacts slowly with water at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is greater than 1 litre per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Categories 1 and 2.

3

3

Any substance or mixture which reacts slowly with water at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is greater than 1 litre per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Categories 1 and 2.

Any substance or mixture which reacts slowly with water at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is greater than 1 litre per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Categories 1 and 2.

Note:

Note:

The test shall be performed on the substance or mixture in its physical form as presented. If, for example, for the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a classification test, the substance must also be tested in the new form. The test shall be performed on the substance or mixture in its physical form as presented. If, for example, for the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a classification test, the substance must also be tested in the new form

▼B ▼B

2.12.2.2. A substance or mixture shall be classified as a substance or mixture which in contact with water emits flammable gases if spontaneous ignition takes place in any step of the test procedure.

2.12.2.2. A substance or mixture shall be classified as a substance or mixture which in contact with water emits flammable gases if spontaneous ignition takes place in any step of the test procedure.  

2.12.3.   Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.12.2.

▼M12 ▼M12

Table 2.12.2

Label elements for substances and mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gases

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gases

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P223

P231 + P232

P280

P223

P231 + P232

P280

P231 + P232

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 + P378

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

P402 + P404

P402 + P404

P402 + P404

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

Table 2.12.2 Table 2.12.2

Label elements for substances and mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases Label elements for substances and mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gases

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gases

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P223

P231 + P232

P280

P223

P231 + P232

P280

P231 + P232

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 + P378

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

P402 + P404

P402 + P404

P402 + P404

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gases

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gases

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P223

P231 + P232

P280

P223

P231 + P232

P280

P231 + P232

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 + P378

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

P402 + P404

P402 + P404

P402 + P404

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

Classification

Classification

Category 1

Category 1

Category 2

Category 2

Category 3

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

GHS Pictograms

GHS Pictograms

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Signal Word

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gases

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gases

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously

H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gases

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gases

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gases

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gases

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P223

P231 + P232

P280

P223

P231 + P232

P280

P231 + P232

P280

Precautionary Statement Prevention

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P223

P231 + P232

P280

P223

P231 + P232

P280

P223

P231 + P232

P280

P223

P231 + P232

P280

P231 + P232

P280

P231 + P232

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 + P378

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Response

Precautionary Statement Response

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 + P378

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 + P378

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 + P378

P302 + P335 + P334

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

P402 + P404

P402 + P404

P402 + P404

Precautionary Statement Storage

Precautionary Statement Storage

P402 + P404

P402 + P404

P402 + P404

P402 + P404

P402 + P404

P402 + P404

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

Precautionary Statement Disposal

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

▼B ▼B

2.12.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations

2.12.4.1. The classification procedure for this class need not be applied if:

2.12.4.1. The classification procedure for this class need not be applied if:  

(a) 

the chemical structure of the substance or mixture does not contain metals or metalloids; or

(a) 
(a) 

the chemical structure of the substance or mixture does not contain metals or metalloids; or

the chemical structure of the substance or mixture does not contain metals or metalloids; or

(b) 

experience in production or handling shows that the substance or mixture does not react with water, e.g. the substance is manufactured with water or washed with water; or

(b) 
(b) 

experience in production or handling shows that the substance or mixture does not react with water, e.g. the substance is manufactured with water or washed with water; or

experience in production or handling shows that the substance or mixture does not react with water, e.g. the substance is manufactured with water or washed with water; or

(c) 

the substance or mixture is known to be soluble in water to form a stable mixture.

(c) 
(c) 

the substance or mixture is known to be soluble in water to form a stable mixture.

the substance or mixture is known to be soluble in water to form a stable mixture.

2.13.   Oxidising liquids

Oxidising liquids

2.13.1.   Definition

Definition

Oxidising liquid means a liquid substance or mixture which, while in itself not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other material.

2.13.2.   Classification criteria

Classification criteria

2.13.2.1. An oxidising liquid shall be classified in one of the three categories for this class using test O.2 in Part III, sub-section 34.4.2 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria in accordance with Table 2.13.1:

2.13.2.1. An oxidising liquid shall be classified in one of the three categories for this class using test O.2 in Part III, sub-section 34.4.2 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria in accordance with Table 2.13.1:   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

Table 2.13.1

Criteria for oxidising liquids

Category

Criteria

1

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, spontaneously ignites; or the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose is less than that of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 50 % perchloric acid and cellulose.

2

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 40 % aqueous sodium chlorate solution and cellulose; and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

3

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 65 % aqueous nitric acid and cellulose; and the criteria for Category 1 and 2 are not met.

Table 2.13.1

Criteria for oxidising liquids

Category

Criteria

1

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, spontaneously ignites; or the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose is less than that of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 50 % perchloric acid and cellulose.

2

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 40 % aqueous sodium chlorate solution and cellulose; and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

3

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 65 % aqueous nitric acid and cellulose; and the criteria for Category 1 and 2 are not met.

Category

Criteria

1

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, spontaneously ignites; or the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose is less than that of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 50 % perchloric acid and cellulose.

2

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 40 % aqueous sodium chlorate solution and cellulose; and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

3

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 65 % aqueous nitric acid and cellulose; and the criteria for Category 1 and 2 are not met.

Category

Criteria

Category

Category

Criteria

Criteria

1

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, spontaneously ignites; or the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose is less than that of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 50 % perchloric acid and cellulose.

1

1

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, spontaneously ignites; or the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose is less than that of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 50 % perchloric acid and cellulose.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, spontaneously ignites; or the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose is less than that of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 50 % perchloric acid and cellulose.

2

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 40 % aqueous sodium chlorate solution and cellulose; and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

2

2

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 40 % aqueous sodium chlorate solution and cellulose; and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 40 % aqueous sodium chlorate solution and cellulose; and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

3

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 65 % aqueous nitric acid and cellulose; and the criteria for Category 1 and 2 are not met.

3

3

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 65 % aqueous nitric acid and cellulose; and the criteria for Category 1 and 2 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 65 % aqueous nitric acid and cellulose; and the criteria for Category 1 and 2 are not met.

2.13.3.   Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.13.2.

▼M12 ▼M12

Table 2.13.2

Label elements for oxidising liquids

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P220

P280

P283

P210

P220

P280

P210

P220

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P306 + P360

P371 + P380 + P375

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

P420

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

Table 2.13.2 Table 2.13.2

Label elements for oxidising liquids Label elements for oxidising liquids

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P220

P280

P283

P210

P220

P280

P210

P220

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P306 + P360

P371 + P380 + P375

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

P420

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P220

P280

P283

P210

P220

P280

P210

P220

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P306 + P360

P371 + P380 + P375

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

P420

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

Classification

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

Classification

Classification

Category 1

Category 1

Category 2

Category 2

Category 3

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

GHS Pictograms

GHS Pictograms

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Signal Word

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P220

P280

P283

P210

P220

P280

P210

P220

P280

Precautionary Statement Prevention

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P220

P280

P283

P210

P220

P280

P283

P210

P220

P280

P210

P220

P280

P210

P220

P280

P210

P220

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P306 + P360

P371 + P380 + P375

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Response

Precautionary Statement Response

P306 + P360

P371 + P380 + P375

P370 + P378

P306 + P360

P371 + P380 + P375

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

P420

 

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

Precautionary Statement Storage

P420

P420

 

 

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

Precautionary Statement Disposal

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

▼B ▼B

2.13.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations

2.13.4.1. For organic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class shall not apply if:

2.13.4.1. For organic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class shall not apply if:  

(a) 

the substance or mixture does not contain oxygen, fluorine or chlorine; or

(a) 
(a) 

the substance or mixture does not contain oxygen, fluorine or chlorine; or

the substance or mixture does not contain oxygen, fluorine or chlorine; or

(b) 

the substance or mixture contains oxygen, fluorine or chlorine and these elements are chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.

(b) 
(b) 

the substance or mixture contains oxygen, fluorine or chlorine and these elements are chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.

the substance or mixture contains oxygen, fluorine or chlorine and these elements are chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.

2.13.4.2. For inorganic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class shall not apply if they do not contain oxygen or halogen atoms.

2.13.4.2. For inorganic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class shall not apply if they do not contain oxygen or halogen atoms.  

2.13.4.3. In the event of divergence between test results and known experience in the handling and use of substances or mixtures which shows them to be oxidising, judgments based on known experience shall take precedence over test results.

2.13.4.3. In the event of divergence between test results and known experience in the handling and use of substances or mixtures which shows them to be oxidising, judgments based on known experience shall take precedence over test results.  

2.13.4.4. In cases where substances or mixtures generate a pressure rise (too high or too low), caused by chemical reactions not characterising the oxidising properties of the substance or mixture, the test described in Part III, sub-section 34.4.2 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria shall be repeated with an inert substance, e.g. diatomite (kieselguhr), in place of the cellulose in order to clarify the nature of the reaction and to check for a false positive result.

2.13.4.4. In cases where substances or mixtures generate a pressure rise (too high or too low), caused by chemical reactions not characterising the oxidising properties of the substance or mixture, the test described in Part III, sub-section 34.4.2 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria shall be repeated with an inert substance, e.g. diatomite (kieselguhr), in place of the cellulose in order to clarify the nature of the reaction and to check for a false positive result.   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

2.14.   Oxidising solids

Oxidising solids

2.14.1.   Definition

Definition

Oxidising solid means a solid substance or mixture which, while in itself is not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other material.

2.14.2.   Classification criteria

Classification criteria

2.14.2.1.  ►M12  An oxidising solid shall be classified in one of the three categories for this class using test O.1 in Part III, sub-section 34.4.1 or test O.3 in Part III, sub-section 34.4 3 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria in accordance with Table 2.14.1: ◄

2.14.2.1.  ►M12  An oxidising solid shall be classified in one of the three categories for this class using test O.1 in Part III, sub-section 34.4.1 or test O.3 in Part III, sub-section 34.4 3 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria in accordance with Table 2.14.1: ◄   ►M12 ►M12 ►M12  ◄

▼M12 ▼M12

Table 2.14.1

Criteria for oxidising solids

Category

Criteria using test O.1

Criteria using test O.3

1

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time less than the mean burning time of a 3:2 mixture, (by mass), of potassium bromate and cellulose.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate greater than the mean burning rate of a 3:1 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose.

2

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 2:3 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate equal to or greater than the mean burning rate of a 1:1 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

3

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 3:7 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate equal to or greater than the mean burning rate of a 1:2 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.

Table 2.14.1 Table 2.14.1

Criteria for oxidising solids Criteria for oxidising solids

Category

Criteria using test O.1

Criteria using test O.3

1

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time less than the mean burning time of a 3:2 mixture, (by mass), of potassium bromate and cellulose.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate greater than the mean burning rate of a 3:1 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose.

2

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 2:3 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate equal to or greater than the mean burning rate of a 1:1 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

3

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 3:7 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate equal to or greater than the mean burning rate of a 1:2 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.

Category

Criteria using test O.1

Criteria using test O.3

1

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time less than the mean burning time of a 3:2 mixture, (by mass), of potassium bromate and cellulose.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate greater than the mean burning rate of a 3:1 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose.

2

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 2:3 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate equal to or greater than the mean burning rate of a 1:1 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

3

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 3:7 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate equal to or greater than the mean burning rate of a 1:2 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.

Category

Criteria using test O.1

Criteria using test O.3

Category

Category

Criteria using test O.1

Criteria using test O.1

Criteria using test O.3

Criteria using test O.3

1

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time less than the mean burning time of a 3:2 mixture, (by mass), of potassium bromate and cellulose.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate greater than the mean burning rate of a 3:1 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose.

1

1 1

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time less than the mean burning time of a 3:2 mixture, (by mass), of potassium bromate and cellulose.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time less than the mean burning time of a 3:2 mixture, (by mass), of potassium bromate and cellulose.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate greater than the mean burning rate of a 3:1 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate greater than the mean burning rate of a 3:1 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose.

2

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 2:3 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate equal to or greater than the mean burning rate of a 1:1 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

2

2 2

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 2:3 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 2:3 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate equal to or greater than the mean burning rate of a 1:1 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate equal to or greater than the mean burning rate of a 1:1 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.

3

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 3:7 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate equal to or greater than the mean burning rate of a 1:2 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.

3

3 3

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 3:7 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 3:7 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate equal to or greater than the mean burning rate of a 1:2 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.

Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate equal to or greater than the mean burning rate of a 1:2 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.

▼B ▼B

Note 1

Some oxidising solids also present explosion hazards under certain conditions (when stored in large quantities). Some types of ammonium nitrate may give rise to an explosion hazard under extreme conditions and the ‘Resistance to detonation test’ ►M12  (IMSBC Code (International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code, IMO), Appendix 2, Section 5) ◄ can be used to assess this hazard. Appropriate information shall be made in the SDS. ►M12 ►M12 ►M12  ◄

Note 2

The test shall be performed on the substance or mixture in its physical form as presented. If, for example, for the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a classification test, the substance shall also be tested in the new form.

2.14.3.   Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.14.2.

▼M12 ▼M12

Table 2.14.2

Label elements for oxidising solids

 

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P220

P280

P283

P210

P220

P280

P210

P220

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P306 + P360

P371 + P380 + P375

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

P420

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

Table 2.14.2 Table 2.14.2

Label elements for oxidising solids Label elements for oxidising solids

 

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P220

P280

P283

P210

P220

P280

P210

P220

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P306 + P360

P371 + P380 + P375

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

P420

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

 

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P220

P280

P283

P210

P220

P280

P210

P220

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P306 + P360

P371 + P380 + P375

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

P420

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

 

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

 

 

Category 1

Category 1

Category 2

Category 2

Category 3

Category 3

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

GHS Pictograms

GHS Pictograms

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Signal Word

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P220

P280

P283

P210

P220

P280

P210

P220

P280

Precautionary Statement Prevention

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P220

P280

P283

P210

P220

P280

P283

P210

P220

P280

P210

P220

P280

P210

P220

P280

P210

P220

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P306 + P360

P371 + P380 + P375

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Response

Precautionary Statement Response

P306 + P360

P371 + P380 + P375

P370 + P378

P306 + P360

P371 + P380 + P375

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

Precautionary Statement Storage

P420

 

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

Precautionary Statement Storage

P420

P420

 

 

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

Precautionary Statement Disposal

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

▼B ▼B

2.14.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations

2.14.4.1. For organic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class shall not apply if:

2.14.4.1. For organic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class shall not apply if:  

(a) 

the substance or mixture does not contain oxygen, fluorine or chlorine; or

(a) 
(a) 

the substance or mixture does not contain oxygen, fluorine or chlorine; or

the substance or mixture does not contain oxygen, fluorine or chlorine; or

(b) 

the substance or mixture contains oxygen, fluorine or chlorine and these elements are chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.

(b) 
(b) 

the substance or mixture contains oxygen, fluorine or chlorine and these elements are chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.

the substance or mixture contains oxygen, fluorine or chlorine and these elements are chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.

2.14.4.2. For inorganic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class shall not apply if they do not contain oxygen or halogen atoms.

2.14.4.2. For inorganic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class shall not apply if they do not contain oxygen or halogen atoms.  

2.14.4.3. In the event of divergence between test results and known experience in the handling and use of substances or mixtures which shows them to be oxidising, judgments based on known experience shall take precedence over test results.

2.14.4.3. In the event of divergence between test results and known experience in the handling and use of substances or mixtures which shows them to be oxidising, judgments based on known experience shall take precedence over test results.  

2.15.   Organic peroxides

Organic peroxides

2.15.1.   Definition

Definition

2.15.1.1. Organic peroxides means liquid or solid organic substances which contain the bivalent -O-O- structure and may be considered derivatives of hydrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals. The term organic peroxide includes organic peroxide mixtures (formulations) containing at least one organic peroxide. Organic peroxides are thermally unstable substances or mixtures, which can undergo exothermic self-accelerating decomposition. In addition, they can have one or more of the following properties:

2.15.1.1. Organic peroxides means liquid or solid organic substances which contain the bivalent -O-O- structure and may be considered derivatives of hydrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals. The term organic peroxide includes organic peroxide mixtures (formulations) containing at least one organic peroxide. Organic peroxides are thermally unstable substances or mixtures, which can undergo exothermic self-accelerating decomposition. In addition, they can have one or more of the following properties:  

(i) 

be liable to explosive decomposition;

(i) 
(i) 

be liable to explosive decomposition;

be liable to explosive decomposition;

(ii) 

burn rapidly;

(ii) 
(ii) 

burn rapidly;

burn rapidly;

(iii) 

be sensitive to impact or friction;

(iii) 
(iii) 

be sensitive to impact or friction;

be sensitive to impact or friction;

(iv) 

react dangerously with other substances.

(iv) 
(iv) 

react dangerously with other substances.

react dangerously with other substances.

2.15.1.2. An organic peroxide is regarded as possessing explosive properties when in laboratory testing the mixture (formulation) is liable to detonate, to deflagrate rapidly or to show a violent effect when heated under confinement.

2.15.1.2. An organic peroxide is regarded as possessing explosive properties when in laboratory testing the mixture (formulation) is liable to detonate, to deflagrate rapidly or to show a violent effect when heated under confinement.  

2.15.2.   Classification criteria

Classification criteria

2.15.2.1. Any organic peroxide shall be considered for classification in this class, unless it contains:

2.15.2.1. Any organic peroxide shall be considered for classification in this class, unless it contains:  

(a) 

not more than 1,0  % available oxygen from the organic peroxides when containing not more than 1,0  % hydrogen peroxide; or

(a) 
(a) 

not more than 1,0  % available oxygen from the organic peroxides when containing not more than 1,0  % hydrogen peroxide; or

not more than 1,0  % available oxygen from the organic peroxides when containing not more than 1,0  % hydrogen peroxide; or

(b) 

not more than 0,5  % available oxygen from the organic peroxides when containing more than 1,0  % but not more than 7,0  % hydrogen peroxide.

(b) 
(b) 

not more than 0,5  % available oxygen from the organic peroxides when containing more than 1,0  % but not more than 7,0  % hydrogen peroxide.

not more than 0,5  % available oxygen from the organic peroxides when containing more than 1,0  % but not more than 7,0  % hydrogen peroxide.

Note

The available oxygen content ( %) of an organic peroxide mixture is given by the formula:

image image

where:

ni

=

number of peroxygen groups per molecule of organic peroxide i;

ni

=

number of peroxygen groups per molecule of organic peroxide i;

ni

=

number of peroxygen groups per molecule of organic peroxide i;

ni

ni i

=

=

number of peroxygen groups per molecule of organic peroxide i;

number of peroxygen groups per molecule of organic peroxide i;

ci

=

concentration (mass %) of organic peroxide i;

ci

=

concentration (mass %) of organic peroxide i;

ci

=

concentration (mass %) of organic peroxide i;

ci

ci i

=

=

concentration (mass %) of organic peroxide i;

concentration (mass %) of organic peroxide i;

mi

=

molecular mass of organic peroxide i.

mi

=

molecular mass of organic peroxide i.

mi

=

molecular mass of organic peroxide i.

mi

mi i

=

=

molecular mass of organic peroxide i.

molecular mass of organic peroxide i.

2.15.2.2. Organic peroxides shall be classified in one of the seven categories of ‘Types A to G’ for this class, according to the following principles:

2.15.2.2. Organic peroxides shall be classified in one of the seven categories of ‘Types A to G’ for this class, according to the following principles:  

(a) 

any organic peroxide which, as packaged, can detonate or deflagrate rapidly shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE A;

(a) 
(a) 

any organic peroxide which, as packaged, can detonate or deflagrate rapidly shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE A;

any organic peroxide which, as packaged, can detonate or deflagrate rapidly shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE A;

(b) 

any organic peroxide possessing explosive properties and which, as packaged, neither detonates nor deflagrates rapidly, but is liable to undergo a thermal explosion in that package shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE B;

(b) 
(b) 

any organic peroxide possessing explosive properties and which, as packaged, neither detonates nor deflagrates rapidly, but is liable to undergo a thermal explosion in that package shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE B;

any organic peroxide possessing explosive properties and which, as packaged, neither detonates nor deflagrates rapidly, but is liable to undergo a thermal explosion in that package shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE B;

(c) 

any organic peroxide possessing explosive properties when the substance or mixture as packaged cannot detonate or deflagrate rapidly or undergo a thermal explosion shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE C;

(c) 
(c) 

any organic peroxide possessing explosive properties when the substance or mixture as packaged cannot detonate or deflagrate rapidly or undergo a thermal explosion shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE C;

any organic peroxide possessing explosive properties when the substance or mixture as packaged cannot detonate or deflagrate rapidly or undergo a thermal explosion shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE C;

(d) 

any organic peroxide which in laboratory testing:

(i) 

detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(ii) 

does not detonate at all, deflagrates slowly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(iii) 

does not detonate or deflagrate at all and shows a medium effect when heated under confinement;

shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE D;

(d) 
(d) 

any organic peroxide which in laboratory testing:

(i) 

detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(ii) 

does not detonate at all, deflagrates slowly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(iii) 

does not detonate or deflagrate at all and shows a medium effect when heated under confinement;

shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE D;

any organic peroxide which in laboratory testing:

(i) 

detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(i) 
(i) 

detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(ii) 

does not detonate at all, deflagrates slowly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(ii) 
(ii) 

does not detonate at all, deflagrates slowly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

does not detonate at all, deflagrates slowly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or

(iii) 

does not detonate or deflagrate at all and shows a medium effect when heated under confinement;

(iii) 
(iii) 

does not detonate or deflagrate at all and shows a medium effect when heated under confinement;

does not detonate or deflagrate at all and shows a medium effect when heated under confinement;

shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE D;

(e) 

any organic peroxide which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates nor deflagrates at all and shows low or no effect when heated under confinement shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE E;

(e) 
(e) 

any organic peroxide which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates nor deflagrates at all and shows low or no effect when heated under confinement shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE E;

any organic peroxide which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates nor deflagrates at all and shows low or no effect when heated under confinement shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE E;

(f) 

any organic peroxide which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows only a low or no effect when heated under confinement as well as low or no explosive power shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE F;

(f) 
(f) 

any organic peroxide which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows only a low or no effect when heated under confinement as well as low or no explosive power shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE F;

any organic peroxide which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows only a low or no effect when heated under confinement as well as low or no explosive power shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE F;

(g) 

any organic peroxide which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows no effect when heated under confinement nor any explosive power, provided that it is thermally stable, i.e. the SADT is 60 oC or higher for a 50 kg package ( 12 ), and, for liquid mixtures, a diluent having a boiling point of not less than 150 oC is used for desensitisation, shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE G. If the organic peroxide is not thermally stable or a diluent having a boiling point less than 150 oC is used for desensitisation, the organic peroxide shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE F.

Where the test is conducted in the package form and the packaging is changed, a further test shall be conducted where it is considered that the change in packaging will affect the outcome of the test.

(g) 
(g) 

any organic peroxide which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows no effect when heated under confinement nor any explosive power, provided that it is thermally stable, i.e. the SADT is 60 oC or higher for a 50 kg package ( 12 ), and, for liquid mixtures, a diluent having a boiling point of not less than 150 oC is used for desensitisation, shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE G. If the organic peroxide is not thermally stable or a diluent having a boiling point less than 150 oC is used for desensitisation, the organic peroxide shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE F.

Where the test is conducted in the package form and the packaging is changed, a further test shall be conducted where it is considered that the change in packaging will affect the outcome of the test.

any organic peroxide which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows no effect when heated under confinement nor any explosive power, provided that it is thermally stable, i.e. the SADT is 60 oC or higher for a 50 kg package ( 12 ), and, for liquid mixtures, a diluent having a boiling point of not less than 150 oC is used for desensitisation, shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE G. If the organic peroxide is not thermally stable or a diluent having a boiling point less than 150 oC is used for desensitisation, the organic peroxide shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE F. o 12 12 o o

Where the test is conducted in the package form and the packaging is changed, a further test shall be conducted where it is considered that the change in packaging will affect the outcome of the test.

2.15.2.3.   Criteria for temperature control Criteria for temperature control

The following organic peroxides need to be subjected to temperature control:

(a) 

Organic peroxide types B and C with an SADT ≤ 50 C;

(a) 
(a) 

Organic peroxide types B and C with an SADT ≤ 50 C;

Organic peroxide types B and C with an SADT ≤ 50 C;

(b) 

Organic peroxide type D showing a medium effect when heated under confinement ( 13 ) with an SADT ≤ 50 oC or showing a low or no effect when heated under confinement with an SADT ≤ 45 oC; and

(b) 
(b) 

Organic peroxide type D showing a medium effect when heated under confinement ( 13 ) with an SADT ≤ 50 oC or showing a low or no effect when heated under confinement with an SADT ≤ 45 oC; and

Organic peroxide type D showing a medium effect when heated under confinement ( 13 ) with an SADT ≤ 50 oC or showing a low or no effect when heated under confinement with an SADT ≤ 45 oC; and 13 13 o o

(c) 

Organic peroxide types E and F with an SADT ≤ 45 oC.

(c) 
(c) 

Organic peroxide types E and F with an SADT ≤ 45 oC.

Organic peroxide types E and F with an SADT ≤ 45 oC. o

Test methods for determining the SADT as well as the derivation of control and emergency temperatures are given in the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part II, section 28. The test selected shall be conducted in a manner which is representative, both in size and material, of the package. ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

2.15.3.   Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.15.1.

▼M12 ▼M12

Table 2.15.1

Label elements for organic peroxides

Classification

Type A

Type B

Type C & D

Type E & F

Type G

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H240: Heating may cause an explosion

H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion

H242: Heating may cause a fire

H242: Heating may cause a fire

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375[+ P378] (1)

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

 

(1)   

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

Table 2.15.1 Table 2.15.1

Label elements for organic peroxides Label elements for organic peroxides

Classification

Type A

Type B

Type C & D

Type E & F

Type G

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H240: Heating may cause an explosion

H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion

H242: Heating may cause a fire

H242: Heating may cause a fire

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375[+ P378] (1)

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

 

(1)   

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

Classification

Type A

Type B

Type C & D

Type E & F

Type G

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Hazard Statement

H240: Heating may cause an explosion

H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion

H242: Heating may cause a fire

H242: Heating may cause a fire

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375[+ P378] (1)

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

 

(1)   

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

Classification

Type A

Type B

Type C & D

Type E & F

Type G

Classification

Classification

Type A

Type A

Type B

Type B

Type C & D

Type C & D

Type E & F

Type E & F

Type G

Type G

GHS Pictograms

image

image

image

image

There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category

GHS Pictograms

GHS Pictograms

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category

There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Signal Word

Signal Word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H240: Heating may cause an explosion

H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion

H242: Heating may cause a fire

H242: Heating may cause a fire

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H240: Heating may cause an explosion

H240: Heating may cause an explosion

H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion

H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion

H242: Heating may cause a fire

H242: Heating may cause a fire

H242: Heating may cause a fire

H242: Heating may cause a fire

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

Precautionary Statement Prevention

Precautionary Statement Prevention

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

P210

P234

P235

P240

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375[+ P378] (1)

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

 

Precautionary Statement Response

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P372 + P380 + P373

P370 + P380 + P375[+ P378] (1)

P370 + P380 + P375[+ P378] (1) (1) 1

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

P370 + P378

 

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

 

Precautionary Statement Storage

Precautionary Statement Storage

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

P403

P410

P411

P420

 

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

 

Precautionary Statement Disposal

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

 

 

(1)   

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

(1)   

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

(1)   

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

(1)    1

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

▼B ▼B

Type G has no hazard communication elements assigned but shall be considered for properties belonging to other hazard classes.

2.15.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations

2.15.4.1. Organic peroxides are classified by definition based on their chemical structure and on the available oxygen and hydrogen peroxide contents of the mixture (see 2.15.2.1). The properties of organic peroxides which are necessary for their classification shall be determined experimentally. The classification of organic peroxides shall be performed in accordance with test series A to H as described in Part II of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria. The procedure for classification is described in Figure 2.15.1.

2.15.4.1. Organic peroxides are classified by definition based on their chemical structure and on the available oxygen and hydrogen peroxide contents of the mixture (see 2.15.2.1). The properties of organic peroxides which are necessary for their classification shall be determined experimentally. The classification of organic peroxides shall be performed in accordance with test series A to H as described in Part II of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria. The procedure for classification is described in Figure 2.15.1.   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

2.15.4.2. Mixtures of already classified organic peroxides may be classified as the same type of organic peroxide as that of the most dangerous component. However, as two stable components can form a thermally less stable mixture, the SADT of the mixture shall be determined.

2.15.4.2. Mixtures of already classified organic peroxides may be classified as the same type of organic peroxide as that of the most dangerous component. However, as two stable components can form a thermally less stable mixture, the SADT of the mixture shall be determined.  

Note: The sum of the individual parts can be more hazardous than the individual components.

▼M12 ▼M12

Figure 2.15.1 Figure 2.15.1

Organic Peroxides Organic Peroxides image

Text of image Text of image

Type F

Type E

Type D

Type C

Type B

Type A

Type G

1.3 No

6.1 Yes

7.1 Violent

Box 10 Test G

10.2 No

7.2 Medium

7.3 Low

7.4 None

8.1 Violent

8.2 Medium

8.3 Low

8.4 None

9.1 Violent

9.2 Medium

16.2 No

16.1 Yes

Is a diluent with a boiling point of < 150 °C used?

Box 16

15.2 No

15.1 Yes

Is the substance a solid?

Box 14 Test H

14.1 Yes

13.1 Low

12.2 Low

What is the effect of heating it under defined confine- ment?

Box 13 Test E

12.1 Not low

12.3 None

Box 12 Test F

5.2 Yes, slowly

11.1 Yes

Packaged in packages of more than 400 kg/450 l or to be considered for exemption?

What is the effect of heating it under defined confinement?

9.3 Low

9.4 None

Box 9 Test E

Box 8 Test E

What is the effect of heating it under defined confinement?

What is the effect of heating it under defined confinement?

Box 7 Test E

6.2 No

Does it deflagrate rapidly in package?

Box 6 Test D

5.1 Yes rapidly

Box 5 Test C

Can it propagate a defla-gration?

3.2 Yes, slowly

3.3 No

4.2 Yes, slowly

4.3 No

Can it propagate a defla-gration?

Box 4 Test C

4.1 Yes, rapidly

Box 2 Test B

Box 3 Test C

Can it propagate a defla-gration?

Does it propagate a deto-nation?

10.1 Yes

11.2 No

13.2 None

14.2 No

Box 15

Box 11

Box 1 Test A

5.3 No

1.2 Partial

3.1 Yes, rapidly

2.2 No

2.1 Yes

1.1 Yes

Is the SADT <60°C in a 50 kg package?

What is its explosive power?

Can it explode as packaged?

Can it detonate as packaged?

ORGANIC PEROXIDE

▼B ▼B

2.16.   Corrosive to metals

Corrosive to metals

2.16.1.   Definition

Definition

A substance or a mixture that is corrosive to metals means a substance or a mixture which by chemical action will materially damage, or even destroy, metals.

2.16.2.   Classification criteria

Classification criteria

2.16.2.1. A substance or a mixture which is corrosive to metals is classified in a single category for this class, using the test in Part III, sub-section 37.4 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria, in accordance with Table 2.16.1:

2.16.2.1. A substance or a mixture which is corrosive to metals is classified in a single category for this class, using the test in Part III, sub-section 37.4 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria, in accordance with Table 2.16.1:   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

Table 2.16.1

Criteria for substances and mixtures corrosive to metals

Category

Criteria

1

Corrosion rate on either steel or aluminium surfaces exceeding 6,25  mm per year at a test temperature of 55 oC when tested on both materials.

Table 2.16.1

Criteria for substances and mixtures corrosive to metals

Category

Criteria

1

Corrosion rate on either steel or aluminium surfaces exceeding 6,25  mm per year at a test temperature of 55 oC when tested on both materials.

Category

Criteria

1

Corrosion rate on either steel or aluminium surfaces exceeding 6,25  mm per year at a test temperature of 55 oC when tested on both materials.

Category

Criteria

Category

Category

Criteria

Criteria

1

Corrosion rate on either steel or aluminium surfaces exceeding 6,25  mm per year at a test temperature of 55 oC when tested on both materials.

1

1

Corrosion rate on either steel or aluminium surfaces exceeding 6,25  mm per year at a test temperature of 55 oC when tested on both materials.

Corrosion rate on either steel or aluminium surfaces exceeding 6,25  mm per year at a test temperature of 55 oC when tested on both materials. o

Note

Where an initial test on either steel or aluminium indicates the substance or mixture being tested is corrosive the follow up test on the other metal is not required.

2.16.3.   Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances and mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.16.2.

Table 2.16.2

Label elements for substances and mixtures corrosive to metals

Classification

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

Signal Word

Warning

Hazard Statement

H290: May be corrosive to metals

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P234

Precautionary Statement

Response

P390

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P406

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

Table 2.16.2

Label elements for substances and mixtures corrosive to metals

Classification

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

Signal Word

Warning

Hazard Statement

H290: May be corrosive to metals

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P234

Precautionary Statement

Response

P390

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P406

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

Classification

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

Signal Word

Warning

Hazard Statement

H290: May be corrosive to metals

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P234

Precautionary Statement

Response

P390

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P406

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

Classification

Category 1

Classification

Classification

Category 1

Category 1

GHS Pictogram

image

GHS Pictogram

GHS Pictogram

image

image image

Signal Word

Warning

Signal Word

Signal Word

Warning

Warning

Hazard Statement

H290: May be corrosive to metals

Hazard Statement

Hazard Statement

H290: May be corrosive to metals

H290: May be corrosive to metals

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P234

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

Precautionary Statement

Prevention

P234

P234

Precautionary Statement

Response

P390

Precautionary Statement

Response

Precautionary Statement

Response

P390

P390

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P406

Precautionary Statement

Storage

Precautionary Statement

Storage

P406

P406

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

Precautionary Statement

Disposal

 

 

▼M4 ▼M4

Note:

Note:

Where a substance or mixture is classified as corrosive to metals but not corrosive to skin and/or eyes, the labelling provisions set out in section 1.3.6 shall be used.

▼B ▼B

2.16.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

Additional Classification Considerations

2.16.4.1. The corrosion rate can be measured according to the test method of Part III sub-section 37.4 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria. The specimen to be used for the test shall be made of the following materials:

2.16.4.1. The corrosion rate can be measured according to the test method of Part III sub-section 37.4 of the ►M4  UN RTDG ◄ , Manual of Tests and Criteria. The specimen to be used for the test shall be made of the following materials:   ►M4 ►M4 ►M4  ◄

(a) 

for the purposes of testing steel, steel types

— 
S235JR+CR (1.0037 resp.St 37-2),
— 
S275J2G3+CR (1.0144 resp.St 44-3), ISO 3574 as amended, Unified Numbering System (UNS) G 10200, or SAE 1020;
(a) 
(a) 

for the purposes of testing steel, steel types

— 
S235JR+CR (1.0037 resp.St 37-2),
— 
S275J2G3+CR (1.0144 resp.St 44-3), ISO 3574 as amended, Unified Numbering System (UNS) G 10200, or SAE 1020;

for the purposes of testing steel, steel types

— 
S235JR+CR (1.0037 resp.St 37-2),
— 
— 
S235JR+CR (1.0037 resp.St 37-2),
S235JR+CR (1.0037 resp.St 37-2),
— 
S275J2G3+CR (1.0144 resp.St 44-3), ISO 3574 as amended, Unified Numbering System (UNS) G 10200, or SAE 1020;
— 
— 
S275J2G3+CR (1.0144 resp.St 44-3), ISO 3574 as amended, Unified Numbering System (UNS) G 10200, or SAE 1020;
S275J2G3+CR (1.0144 resp.St 44-3), ISO 3574 as amended, Unified Numbering System (UNS) G 10200, or SAE 1020;
(b) 

for the purposes of testing aluminium: non-clad types 7075-T6 or AZ5GU-T6.

(b) 
(b) 

for the purposes of testing aluminium: non-clad types 7075-T6 or AZ5GU-T6.

for the purposes of testing aluminium: non-clad types 7075-T6 or AZ5GU-T6.

▼M19 ▼M19

2.17.   Desensitised explosives

Desensitised explosives

2.17.1.    Definitions and general considerations

Definitions and general considerations Definitions and general considerations

2.17.1.1.

Desensitised explosives are solid or liquid explosive substances or mixtures which are phlegmatised to suppress their explosive properties in such a manner that they do not mass explode and do not burn too rapidly and therefore may be exempted from the hazard class ‘Explosives’ (see also paragraph 3 in section 2.1.4.1) ( 14 )

2.17.1.1.

Desensitised explosives are solid or liquid explosive substances or mixtures which are phlegmatised to suppress their explosive properties in such a manner that they do not mass explode and do not burn too rapidly and therefore may be exempted from the hazard class ‘Explosives’ (see also paragraph 3 in section 2.1.4.1) ( 14 )

2.17.1.1.

Desensitised explosives are solid or liquid explosive substances or mixtures which are phlegmatised to suppress their explosive properties in such a manner that they do not mass explode and do not burn too rapidly and therefore may be exempted from the hazard class ‘Explosives’ (see also paragraph 3 in section 2.1.4.1) ( 14 )

2.17.1.1.

2.17.1.1.

Desensitised explosives are solid or liquid explosive substances or mixtures which are phlegmatised to suppress their explosive properties in such a manner that they do not mass explode and do not burn too rapidly and therefore may be exempted from the hazard class ‘Explosives’ (see also paragraph 3 in section 2.1.4.1) ( 14 )

Desensitised explosives are solid or liquid explosive substances or mixtures which are phlegmatised to suppress their explosive properties in such a manner that they do not mass explode and do not burn too rapidly and therefore may be exempted from the hazard class ‘Explosives’ (see also paragraph 3 in section 2.1.4.1) ( 14 ) 14 14

2.17.1.2.

The hazard class of desensitised explosives comprises:

(a) 

Solid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are wetted with water or alcohols or are diluted with other substances, to form a homogeneous solid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

NOTE: This includes desensitisation achieved by formation of hydrates of the substances.

(b) 

Liquid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are dissolved or suspended in water or other liquid substances, to form a homogeneous liquid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

2.17.1.2.

The hazard class of desensitised explosives comprises:

(a) 

Solid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are wetted with water or alcohols or are diluted with other substances, to form a homogeneous solid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

NOTE: This includes desensitisation achieved by formation of hydrates of the substances.

(b) 

Liquid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are dissolved or suspended in water or other liquid substances, to form a homogeneous liquid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

2.17.1.2.

The hazard class of desensitised explosives comprises:

(a) 

Solid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are wetted with water or alcohols or are diluted with other substances, to form a homogeneous solid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

NOTE: This includes desensitisation achieved by formation of hydrates of the substances.

(b) 

Liquid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are dissolved or suspended in water or other liquid substances, to form a homogeneous liquid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

2.17.1.2.

2.17.1.2.

The hazard class of desensitised explosives comprises:

(a) 

Solid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are wetted with water or alcohols or are diluted with other substances, to form a homogeneous solid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

NOTE: This includes desensitisation achieved by formation of hydrates of the substances.

(b) 

Liquid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are dissolved or suspended in water or other liquid substances, to form a homogeneous liquid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

The hazard class of desensitised explosives comprises:

(a) 

Solid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are wetted with water or alcohols or are diluted with other substances, to form a homogeneous solid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

NOTE: This includes desensitisation achieved by formation of hydrates of the substances.

(a) 
(a) 

Solid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are wetted with water or alcohols or are diluted with other substances, to form a homogeneous solid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

NOTE: This includes desensitisation achieved by formation of hydrates of the substances.

Solid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are wetted with water or alcohols or are diluted with other substances, to form a homogeneous solid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

NOTE: This includes desensitisation achieved by formation of hydrates of the substances. NOTE: This includes desensitisation achieved by formation of hydrates of the substances.

(b) 

Liquid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are dissolved or suspended in water or other liquid substances, to form a homogeneous liquid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

(b) 
(b) 

Liquid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are dissolved or suspended in water or other liquid substances, to form a homogeneous liquid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

Liquid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are dissolved or suspended in water or other liquid substances, to form a homogeneous liquid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

2.17.2.    Classification criteria

Classification criteria Classification criteria

2.17.2.1.

Any explosive while in a desensitised state shall be considered in this class unless, in that state:

(a) 

It is intended to produce a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect;

(b) 

It has a mass explosion hazard according to test series 6 (a) or 6 (b) or the corrected burning rate according to the burning rate test described in part V, subsection 51.4 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria is greater than 1 200 kg/min; or

(c) 

The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

NOTE 1: Substances or mixtures, which meet the criterion (a) or (b) in their desensitised state shall be classified as explosives (see Section 2.1). Substances or mixtures which meet the criterion (c) may fall within the scope of other physical hazard classes.

NOTE 2: The exothermic decomposition energy may be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see section 20, sub-section 20.3.3.3 in Part II of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria).

2.17.2.1.

Any explosive while in a desensitised state shall be considered in this class unless, in that state:

(a) 

It is intended to produce a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect;

(b) 

It has a mass explosion hazard according to test series 6 (a) or 6 (b) or the corrected burning rate according to the burning rate test described in part V, subsection 51.4 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria is greater than 1 200 kg/min; or

(c) 

The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

NOTE 1: Substances or mixtures, which meet the criterion (a) or (b) in their desensitised state shall be classified as explosives (see Section 2.1). Substances or mixtures which meet the criterion (c) may fall within the scope of other physical hazard classes.

NOTE 2: The exothermic decomposition energy may be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see section 20, sub-section 20.3.3.3 in Part II of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria).

2.17.2.1.

Any explosive while in a desensitised state shall be considered in this class unless, in that state:

(a) 

It is intended to produce a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect;

(b) 

It has a mass explosion hazard according to test series 6 (a) or 6 (b) or the corrected burning rate according to the burning rate test described in part V, subsection 51.4 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria is greater than 1 200 kg/min; or

(c) 

The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

NOTE 1: Substances or mixtures, which meet the criterion (a) or (b) in their desensitised state shall be classified as explosives (see Section 2.1). Substances or mixtures which meet the criterion (c) may fall within the scope of other physical hazard classes.

NOTE 2: The exothermic decomposition energy may be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see section 20, sub-section 20.3.3.3 in Part II of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria).

2.17.2.1.

2.17.2.1.

Any explosive while in a desensitised state shall be considered in this class unless, in that state:

(a) 

It is intended to produce a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect;

(b) 

It has a mass explosion hazard according to test series 6 (a) or 6 (b) or the corrected burning rate according to the burning rate test described in part V, subsection 51.4 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria is greater than 1 200 kg/min; or

(c) 

The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

NOTE 1: Substances or mixtures, which meet the criterion (a) or (b) in their desensitised state shall be classified as explosives (see Section 2.1). Substances or mixtures which meet the criterion (c) may fall within the scope of other physical hazard classes.

NOTE 2: The exothermic decomposition energy may be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see section 20, sub-section 20.3.3.3 in Part II of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria).

Any explosive while in a desensitised state shall be considered in this class unless, in that state:

(a) 

It is intended to produce a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect;

(a) 
(a) 

It is intended to produce a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect;

It is intended to produce a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect;

(b) 

It has a mass explosion hazard according to test series 6 (a) or 6 (b) or the corrected burning rate according to the burning rate test described in part V, subsection 51.4 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria is greater than 1 200 kg/min; or

(b) 
(b) 

It has a mass explosion hazard according to test series 6 (a) or 6 (b) or the corrected burning rate according to the burning rate test described in part V, subsection 51.4 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria is greater than 1 200 kg/min; or

It has a mass explosion hazard according to test series 6 (a) or 6 (b) or the corrected burning rate according to the burning rate test described in part V, subsection 51.4 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria is greater than 1 200 kg/min; or UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria

(c) 

The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

(c) 
(c) 

The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

NOTE 1: Substances or mixtures, which meet the criterion (a) or (b) in their desensitised state shall be classified as explosives (see Section 2.1). Substances or mixtures which meet the criterion (c) may fall within the scope of other physical hazard classes. NOTE 1: Substances or mixtures, which meet the criterion (a) or (b) in their desensitised state shall be classified as explosives (see Section 2.1). Substances or mixtures which meet the criterion (c) may fall within the scope of other physical hazard classes.

NOTE 2: The exothermic decomposition energy may be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see section 20, sub-section 20.3.3.3 in Part II of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria). NOTE 2: The exothermic decomposition energy may be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see section 20, sub-section 20.3.3.3 in Part II of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria).

2.17.2.2.

Desensitised explosives shall be classified and packaged for supply and use in one of the four categories of this class depending on the corrected burning rate (Ac) using the test ‘burning rate test (external fire)’ described in Part V, sub-section 51.4 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, according to Table 2.17.1:

Table 2.17.1.

Criteria for desensitised explosives

Category

Criteria

1

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 300 kg/min but not more than 1 200 kg/min

2

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 140 kg/min but less than 300 kg/min

3

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 60 kg/min but less than 140 kg/min

4

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) less than 60 kg/min

Note 1: Desensitised explosives shall be prepared so that they remain homogeneous and do not separate during normal storage and handling, particularly if desensitised by wetting. The manufacturer/supplier shall give information in the safety data sheet about the shelf-life and instructions on verifying desensitisation. Under certain conditions the content of desensitising agent (e.g. phlegmatiser, wetting agent or treatment) may decrease during supply and use, and thus, the hazard potential of the desensitised explosive may increase. In addition, the safety data sheet shall include advice on avoiding increased fire, blast or projection hazards when the substance or mixture is not sufficiently desensitised.

Note 2: Explosive properties of desensitised explosives shall be determined by test series 2 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, and shall be communicated in the safety data sheet.

Note 3: For the purposes of storage, supply and use, desensitised explosives do not fall additionally within the scope of Sections 2.1 (explosives), 2.6 (flammable liquids) and 2.7 (flammable solids).

2.17.2.2.

Desensitised explosives shall be classified and packaged for supply and use in one of the four categories of this class depending on the corrected burning rate (Ac) using the test ‘burning rate test (external fire)’ described in Part V, sub-section 51.4 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, according to Table 2.17.1:

Table 2.17.1.

Criteria for desensitised explosives

Category

Criteria

1

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 300 kg/min but not more than 1 200 kg/min

2

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 140 kg/min but less than 300 kg/min

3

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 60 kg/min but less than 140 kg/min

4

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) less than 60 kg/min

Note 1: Desensitised explosives shall be prepared so that they remain homogeneous and do not separate during normal storage and handling, particularly if desensitised by wetting. The manufacturer/supplier shall give information in the safety data sheet about the shelf-life and instructions on verifying desensitisation. Under certain conditions the content of desensitising agent (e.g. phlegmatiser, wetting agent or treatment) may decrease during supply and use, and thus, the hazard potential of the desensitised explosive may increase. In addition, the safety data sheet shall include advice on avoiding increased fire, blast or projection hazards when the substance or mixture is not sufficiently desensitised.

Note 2: Explosive properties of desensitised explosives shall be determined by test series 2 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, and shall be communicated in the safety data sheet.

Note 3: For the purposes of storage, supply and use, desensitised explosives do not fall additionally within the scope of Sections 2.1 (explosives), 2.6 (flammable liquids) and 2.7 (flammable solids).

2.17.2.2.

Desensitised explosives shall be classified and packaged for supply and use in one of the four categories of this class depending on the corrected burning rate (Ac) using the test ‘burning rate test (external fire)’ described in Part V, sub-section 51.4 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, according to Table 2.17.1:

Table 2.17.1.

Criteria for desensitised explosives

Category

Criteria

1

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 300 kg/min but not more than 1 200 kg/min

2

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 140 kg/min but less than 300 kg/min

3

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 60 kg/min but less than 140 kg/min

4

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) less than 60 kg/min

Note 1: Desensitised explosives shall be prepared so that they remain homogeneous and do not separate during normal storage and handling, particularly if desensitised by wetting. The manufacturer/supplier shall give information in the safety data sheet about the shelf-life and instructions on verifying desensitisation. Under certain conditions the content of desensitising agent (e.g. phlegmatiser, wetting agent or treatment) may decrease during supply and use, and thus, the hazard potential of the desensitised explosive may increase. In addition, the safety data sheet shall include advice on avoiding increased fire, blast or projection hazards when the substance or mixture is not sufficiently desensitised.

Note 2: Explosive properties of desensitised explosives shall be determined by test series 2 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, and shall be communicated in the safety data sheet.

Note 3: For the purposes of storage, supply and use, desensitised explosives do not fall additionally within the scope of Sections 2.1 (explosives), 2.6 (flammable liquids) and 2.7 (flammable solids).

2.17.2.2.

2.17.2.2.

Desensitised explosives shall be classified and packaged for supply and use in one of the four categories of this class depending on the corrected burning rate (Ac) using the test ‘burning rate test (external fire)’ described in Part V, sub-section 51.4 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, according to Table 2.17.1:

Table 2.17.1.

Criteria for desensitised explosives

Category

Criteria

1

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 300 kg/min but not more than 1 200 kg/min

2

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 140 kg/min but less than 300 kg/min

3

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 60 kg/min but less than 140 kg/min

4

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) less than 60 kg/min

Note 1: Desensitised explosives shall be prepared so that they remain homogeneous and do not separate during normal storage and handling, particularly if desensitised by wetting. The manufacturer/supplier shall give information in the safety data sheet about the shelf-life and instructions on verifying desensitisation. Under certain conditions the content of desensitising agent (e.g. phlegmatiser, wetting agent or treatment) may decrease during supply and use, and thus, the hazard potential of the desensitised explosive may increase. In addition, the safety data sheet shall include advice on avoiding increased fire, blast or projection hazards when the substance or mixture is not sufficiently desensitised.

Note 2: Explosive properties of desensitised explosives shall be determined by test series 2 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, and shall be communicated in the safety data sheet.

Note 3: For the purposes of storage, supply and use, desensitised explosives do not fall additionally within the scope of Sections 2.1 (explosives), 2.6 (flammable liquids) and 2.7 (flammable solids).

Desensitised explosives shall be classified and packaged for supply and use in one of the four categories of this class depending on the corrected burning rate (Ac) using the test ‘burning rate test (external fire)’ described in Part V, sub-section 51.4 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, according to Table 2.17.1: c UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria

Table 2.17.1.

Criteria for desensitised explosives

Category

Criteria

1

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 300 kg/min but not more than 1 200 kg/min

2

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 140 kg/min but less than 300 kg/min

3

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 60 kg/min but less than 140 kg/min

4

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) less than 60 kg/min

Table 2.17.1. Table 2.17.1.

Criteria for desensitised explosives Criteria for desensitised explosives

Category

Criteria

1

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 300 kg/min but not more than 1 200 kg/min

2

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 140 kg/min but less than 300 kg/min

3

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 60 kg/min but less than 140 kg/min

4

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) less than 60 kg/min

Category

Criteria

1

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 300 kg/min but not more than 1 200 kg/min

2

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 140 kg/min but less than 300 kg/min

3

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 60 kg/min but less than 140 kg/min

4

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) less than 60 kg/min

Category

Criteria

Category

Category

Criteria

Criteria

1

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 300 kg/min but not more than 1 200 kg/min

1

1

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 300 kg/min but not more than 1 200 kg/min

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 300 kg/min but not more than 1 200 kg/min C

2

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 140 kg/min but less than 300 kg/min

2

2

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 140 kg/min but less than 300 kg/min

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 140 kg/min but less than 300 kg/min C

3

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 60 kg/min but less than 140 kg/min

3

3

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 60 kg/min but less than 140 kg/min

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 60 kg/min but less than 140 kg/min C

4

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) less than 60 kg/min

4

4

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) less than 60 kg/min

Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) less than 60 kg/min C

Note 1: Desensitised explosives shall be prepared so that they remain homogeneous and do not separate during normal storage and handling, particularly if desensitised by wetting. The manufacturer/supplier shall give information in the safety data sheet about the shelf-life and instructions on verifying desensitisation. Under certain conditions the content of desensitising agent (e.g. phlegmatiser, wetting agent or treatment) may decrease during supply and use, and thus, the hazard potential of the desensitised explosive may increase. In addition, the safety data sheet shall include advice on avoiding increased fire, blast or projection hazards when the substance or mixture is not sufficiently desensitised. Note 1: Desensitised explosives shall be prepared so that they remain homogeneous and do not separate during normal storage and handling, particularly if desensitised by wetting. The manufacturer/supplier shall give information in the safety data sheet about the shelf-life and instructions on verifying desensitisation. Under certain conditions the content of desensitising agent (e.g. phlegmatiser, wetting agent or treatment) may decrease during supply and use, and thus, the hazard potential of the desensitised explosive may increase. In addition, the safety data sheet shall include advice on avoiding increased fire, blast or projection hazards when the substance or mixture is not sufficiently desensitised.

Note 2: Explosive properties of desensitised explosives shall be determined by test series 2 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, and shall be communicated in the safety data sheet. Note 2: Explosive properties of desensitised explosives shall be determined by test series 2 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, and shall be communicated in the safety data sheet.

Note 3: For the purposes of storage, supply and use, desensitised explosives do not fall additionally within the scope of Sections 2.1 (explosives), 2.6 (flammable liquids) and 2.7 (flammable solids). Note 3: For the purposes of storage, supply and use, desensitised explosives do not fall additionally within the scope of Sections 2.1 (explosives), 2.6 (flammable liquids) and 2.7 (flammable solids).

2.17.3.    Hazard communication

Hazard communication Hazard communication

Label elements shall be used for liquid or solid substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.17.2.

Table 2.17.2.

Label elements for desensitised explosives

 

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

Category 4

GHS Pictogram

image

image

image

image

Signal word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard statement

H206 Fire, blast or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H207 Fire or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H207 Fire or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H208: Fire hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

Precautionary statement Prevention

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 +

P380+

P375

P370 +

P380+

P375

P370 +

P380+

P375

P371 +

P380 +

P375

Precautionary Statement Storage

P401

P401

P401

P401

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

Table 2.17.2. Table 2.17.2.

Label elements for desensitised explosives Label elements for desensitised explosives

 

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

Category 4

GHS Pictogram

image

image

image

image

Signal word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard statement

H206 Fire, blast or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H207 Fire or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H207 Fire or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H208: Fire hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

Precautionary statement Prevention

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 +

P380+

P375

P370 +

P380+

P375

P370 +

P380+

P375

P371 +

P380 +

P375

Precautionary Statement Storage

P401

P401

P401

P401

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

 

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

Category 4

GHS Pictogram

image

image

image

image

Signal word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Hazard statement

H206 Fire, blast or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H207 Fire or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H207 Fire or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H208: Fire hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

Precautionary statement Prevention

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 +

P380+

P375

P370 +

P380+

P375

P370 +

P380+

P375

P371 +

P380 +

P375

Precautionary Statement Storage

P401

P401

P401

P401

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

 

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

Category 4

 

 

Category 1

Category 1

Category 2

Category 2

Category 3

Category 3

Category 4

Category 4

GHS Pictogram

image

image

image

image

GHS Pictogram

GHS Pictogram

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

image

image image

Signal word

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Signal word

Signal word

Danger

Danger

Danger

Danger

Warning

Warning

Warning

Warning

Hazard statement

H206 Fire, blast or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H207 Fire or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H207 Fire or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H208: Fire hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

Hazard statement

Hazard statement

H206 Fire, blast or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H206 Fire, blast or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H207 Fire or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H207 Fire or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H207 Fire or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H207 Fire or projection hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H208: Fire hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

H208: Fire hazard; increased risk of explosion if desensitising agent is reduced

Precautionary statement Prevention

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

Precautionary statement Prevention

Precautionary statement Prevention

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

P210

P212

P230

P233

P280

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 +

P380+

P375

P370 +

P380+

P375

P370 +

P380+

P375

P371 +

P380 +

P375

Precautionary Statement Response

Precautionary Statement Response

P370 +

P380+

P375

P370 +

P380+

P375

P370 +

P380+

P375

P370 +

P380+

P375

P370 +

P380+

P375

P370 +

P380+

P375

P371 +

P380 +

P375

P371 +

P380 +

P375

Precautionary Statement Storage

P401

P401

P401

P401

Precautionary Statement Storage

Precautionary Statement Storage

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

P401

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

Precautionary Statement Disposal

Precautionary Statement Disposal

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

P501

2.17.4.    Additional classification considerations

Additional classification considerations Additional classification considerations

Figure 2.17.1. Figure 2.17.1.

Desensitised explosives Desensitised explosives image

Text of image Text of image

No

Explosive

Division 1.1

Explosive

Division 1.1

Hazard class “Explosives” (see criteria in Section 2.1)

Yes

No

Not classified as a desensitised explosive

May fall within the scope of other physical hazard classes

Yes

Yes

Danger

Danger

Yes

Is the result a mass explosion?

Test 6(a), 6(b)

Is the exothermic decomposition energy less than 300 J/g?

Does it contain an explosive substance or mixture which is phlegmatised to suppress the explosive properties?

The substance/mixture is a solid or liquid?

No

Yes

No

AC &gt; 1 200 kg/min?

Is the result a mass explosion?

Burning rate test

(Part V, sub-section 51.4) image

Text of image Text of image

AC ≥ 60 kg/min but &lt; 140 kg/min

Category 4

Category 3

Category 2

AC &lt; 60 kg/min

Warning

Yes

No

AC ≥ 140 kg/min but &lt; 300 kg/min

No

Warning

Danger

Danger

Category 1

Yes

Yes

Yes

AC ≥ 300 kg/min but &lt; 1 200 kg/min

No

No

2.17.4.1.

The classification procedure for desensitised explosives does not apply if:

(a) 

The substances or mixtures contain no explosives according to the criteria in Section 2.1; or

(b) 

The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

2.17.4.1.

The classification procedure for desensitised explosives does not apply if:

(a) 

The substances or mixtures contain no explosives according to the criteria in Section 2.1; or

(b) 

The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

2.17.4.1.

The classification procedure for desensitised explosives does not apply if:

(a) 

The substances or mixtures contain no explosives according to the criteria in Section 2.1; or

(b) 

The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

2.17.4.1.

2.17.4.1.

The classification procedure for desensitised explosives does not apply if:

(a) 

The substances or mixtures contain no explosives according to the criteria in Section 2.1; or

(b) 

The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

The classification procedure for desensitised explosives does not apply if:

(a) 

The substances or mixtures contain no explosives according to the criteria in Section 2.1; or

(a) 
(a) 

The substances or mixtures contain no explosives according to the criteria in Section 2.1; or

The substances or mixtures contain no explosives according to the criteria in Section 2.1; or

(b) 

The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

(b) 
(b) 

The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

2.17.4.2.

The exothermic decomposition energy shall be determined using the explosive already desensitised (i.e.: the homogenous solid or liquids mixture formed by the explosive and the substance(s) used to suppress its explosive properties). The exothermic decomposition energy may be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see Section 20, sub-section 20.3.3.3 in Part II of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria).

2.17.4.2.

The exothermic decomposition energy shall be determined using the explosive already desensitised (i.e.: the homogenous solid or liquids mixture formed by the explosive and the substance(s) used to suppress its explosive properties). The exothermic decomposition energy may be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see Section 20, sub-section 20.3.3.3 in Part II of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria).

2.17.4.2.

The exothermic decomposition energy shall be determined using the explosive already desensitised (i.e.: the homogenous solid or liquids mixture formed by the explosive and the substance(s) used to suppress its explosive properties). The exothermic decomposition energy may be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see Section 20, sub-section 20.3.3.3 in Part II of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria).

2.17.4.2.

2.17.4.2.

The exothermic decomposition energy shall be determined using the explosive already desensitised (i.e.: the homogenous solid or liquids mixture formed by the explosive and the substance(s) used to suppress its explosive properties). The exothermic decomposition energy may be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see Section 20, sub-section 20.3.3.3 in Part II of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria).

The exothermic decomposition energy shall be determined using the explosive already desensitised (i.e.: the homogenous solid or liquids mixture formed by the explosive and the substance(s) used to suppress its explosive properties). The exothermic decomposition energy may be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see Section 20, sub-section 20.3.3.3 in Part II of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria). UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria

▼B ▼B

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