2.3. Aerosols
2.3. Aerosols
Aerosols, this means aerosol dispensers, are any non-refillable receptacles made of metal, glass or plastics and containing a gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure, with or without a liquid, paste or powder, and fitted with a release device allowing the contents to be ejected as solid or liquid particles in suspension in a gas, as a foam, paste or powder or in a liquid state or in a gaseous state.
2.3.2. Classification criteria
2.3.2.1. Aerosols shall be classified in one of the three categories of this hazard class, depending on their flammable properties and their heat of combustion. They shall be considered for classification in Category 1 or 2 if they contain more than 1 % components (by mass) which are classified as flammable according to the following criteria set out in this Part:
or if their heat of combustion is at least 20 kJ/g.
NOTE 1: Flammable components do not cover pyrophoric, self-heating or water-reactive substances and mixtures because such components are never used as aerosol contents.
NOTE 2: Aerosols do not fall additionally within the scope of Sections 2.2 (flammable gases), 2.5 (gases under pressure), 2.6 (flammable liquids) and 2.7 (flammable solids). Depending on their contents, aerosols may however fall within the scope of other hazard classes, including their labelling elements.
2.3.2.2. An aerosol shall be classified in one of the three categories for this Class on the basis of its components, of its chemical heat of combustion and, if applicable, of the results of the foam test (for foam aerosols) and of the ignition distance test and enclosed space test (for spray aerosols) in accordance with Figures 2.3.1(a) to 2.3.1(c) of this Annex and subsections 31.4, 31.5 and 31.6 of Part III of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria. Aerosols which do not meet the criteria for inclusion in Category 1 or Category 2 shall be classified in Category 3.
Note:
Aerosols containing more than 1 % flammable components or with a heat of combustion of at least 20 kJ/g, which are not submitted to the flammability classification procedures in this section shall be classified as aerosols, Category 1.
Figure 2.3.1 (a)
For aerosols
Figure 2.3.1 (b)
Spray aerosols
Figure 2.3.1 (c)
Foam aerosols
2.3.3. Hazard Communication
Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.3.1.
Table 2.3.1
Label elements for aerosols
|
Classification |
Category 1 |
Category 2 |
Category 3 |
|
GHS Pictograms |
|
|
No pictogram |
|
Signal Word |
Danger |
Warning |
Warning |
|
Hazard Statement |
H222: Extremely flammable aerosol H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated |
H223: Flammable aerosol H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated |
H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated |
|
Precautionary Statement Prevention |
P210 P211 P251 |
P210 P211 P251 |
P210 P251 |
|
Precautionary Statement Response |
|
|
|
|
Precautionary Statement Storage |
P410 + P412 |
P410 + P412 |
P410 + P412 |
|
Precautionary Statement Disposal |
|
|
|
2.3.4.
Additional Classification Considerations
2.3.4.1. The chemical heat of combustion (ΔΗc), in kilojoules per gram (kJ/g), is the product of the theoretical heat of combustion (ΔΗcomb), and a combustion efficiency, usually less than 1,0 (a typical combustion efficiency is 0,95 or 95 %).
2.3.4.1. The chemical heat of combustion (ΔΗc), in kilojoules per gram (kJ/g), is the product of the theoretical heat of combustion (ΔΗcomb), and a combustion efficiency, usually less than 1,0 (a typical combustion efficiency is 0,95 or 95 %).
For a composite aerosol formulation, the chemical heat of combustion is the summation of the weighted heats of combustion for the individual components, as follows:
where:
|
ΔΗc |
= |
chemical heat of combustion (kJ/g); |
|
wi % |
= |
mass fraction of component i in the product; |
|
ΔΗc(i) |
= |
specific heat of combustion (kJ/g)of component i in the product. |
The chemical heats of combustion can be found in the literature, calculated or determined by tests (see ASTM D 240 as amended — Standard Test Methods for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter, EN/ISO 13943 as amended, 86.l to 86.3 — Fire safety — Vocabulary, and NFPA 30B as amended — Code for the Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products).